WGU C217 Chapters 8-9correct and complete solution

WGU C217 Chapters 8-9correct and complete solutionDuring early childhood, children use their perceptual, motor, cognitive, and language skills to make things happen. Erikson referred to this as_____________ ; failure to do so may result in experiencing_________________ Initiative & Guilt Evolutionary view biological dispositions, males and females involved in a way that benefitted them. Males who have more sex partners have increased chance of having more offspring. Males evolved to be violent, competitive and risk takers. Females focused on having a mate that could provide for their offspring. Social role theory a theory that gender differences result from he contrasting roles of men and women Psychoanalytic theory children first identify with opposite sex parent, and then same sex parent Social cognitive theory children's gender development occurs through observation and imitation of other people, and through being rewarded/punished for gender appropriate/inappropriate behavior. Authoritative Parenting Encourages independence but within limits, warm and nurturing, respect for child's own decisions. Authoritarian Parenting Parents are demanding, expect obedience, are not responsive to children's own desires, communicate poorly with children Indulgent Parenting Parents are low on control, have few rules and avoid controlling their children. Children never learn to control their own behavior and they get whatever they want. Neglectful Parenting Parent is uninvolved in child's life, feel that their own life is more important. Children tent to be socially incompetent, truant and delinquent. Physical abuse the infliction of physical injury Child neglect failure to provide for basic needs. Most common maltreatment. Sexual abuse when an adult uses a child for sexual purposes Emotional abuse Acts by caregivers that cause serious behavioral/cognitive/ emotional problems Dimension of play: Sensorimotor behavior engaged in by infants that lets them derive pleasure from exercising their existing sensorimotor schemas Dimension of play: Practice Repetition of behavior that allows new skills to be learned Dimension of play: Pretense/Symbolic When a child transforms aspects of the physical environment into symbols. Reflects child's advancements in cognitive development Dimension of play: Social Interacting with peers Stage of Development: Infancy Height: 20in long Weight: 7 lbs Stage of Development: Early/Middle Childhood Height: Grow 2-3 in/ yr **Age 11 *Girls are 4ft 10in *Boys are 4 ft 9in Cognitive changes- children in the concrete operational stage *Can consider several characteristics rather than focusing on a single property of an object. *Classify or divide things into different sets or subsets and consider their irrelationship Short term memory A passive store house with shelves to store info until it is moved into long term memory Working memory Mental workbench where people manipulate and assemble info Long term memory Permanent and unlimited type of memory, increases with age during middle and late childhood. Sternburg's theory intelligence consists of analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence. Analytical intelligence Ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare, contrast. Tend to be favored in conventional schooling. Have good grades, go to good colleges Creative intelligence Ability to create, design, invent, organize, imagine. Not the top of their class, may not learn according to teacher's specific construction, find their own unique ways to learn Practical intelligence Ability to use, apply, implement, and put ideas into practiceDo not relate well to demands of school, but do well outside of school. Have excellent social skills and common sense. Often become managers, politicians. Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences suggests there are eight types of intelligence, or "frames of mind." Name of Intelligence: Verbal Students high in this might like: Writing, speaking, word puzzles Name of Intelligence: Mathematical Students high in this might like: Math games, numbers, logic puzzles Name of Intelligence: Spatial Students high in this might like: Maps, charts, drawing, sculpture Name of Intelligence: Body Kinesthetic Students high in this might like: Movement, dance, sports Name of Intelligence: Musical Students high in this might like: Musical instruments, singing, listening to sounds Name of Intelligence: Interpersonal Students high in this might like: Cooperative games, peer tutoring, interacting with others Name of Intelligence: Interpersonal Students high in this might like: