PATHO TEST 2 Mechanisms of Defense: Inflammation and Immune Function and Disorders 2022

The body's defense systems in total is sometimes called "the immune system" which can be split into the two big categories, _____ and ____. - ANS-innate resistance & acquired immunity Innate resistance - ANS-the defense mechanisms we are born with; this includes 1st line of resistance and 2nd line of resistance. Name the physical/ mechanical and biochemical barries of the 1st line of resistance. - ANS-- Skin and its glands - Membranes / glands of body openings - respiratory system defenses - gastrointestinal (GI) system defenses - genitourinary (GU) system defenses How does desquamation of skin help protect the human body? - ANS-As skin cells shed the bacteria attached to those cells shed as well. Why is the skin considered inhospitable to most bacteria? - ANS-The skin is actually acidic (pH 3 to 5). This is a result of various glands which secrete sweat which attack cell walls of certain bacteria. Lacerations, abrasions, and punctures can breach which structures of our Innate resistance? - ANS-Skin and its glands Sjogren's syndrome - ANS-autoimmune disease that dries up all lubricating fluids in the body. Name 2 stressors that can breach the respiratory system defenses - ANS-1. cigarette smoking changes bronchial cells—no more cilia. 2. cough reflex suppression such as in head injury or stroke. Give an example of something that might change the bowel flora. - ANS-antibiotics can wipe out normal flora How might the GI system defenses of a patient with Sjogren's be negatively affected? - ANS-saliva contains protective enzymes Sjogren's—dries up saliva, so there is less protection in mouth. How could kidney stones or kidney failure cause a breack to the GU system defenses? - ANS-flow of urine washes away microbes Kidney stone or kidney failure >> decreased urine flow >> less microbes being washed away by flow of urine Why does douching contribute to a breach of GU system defenses? - ANS-vaginal secretions are slightly acidic which kills bacteria