NR 293 ATI Pharmacology Final Exam Review; Questions & Answers; A+Guide Solution with Rationales; Updated

1. Calcium supplement for osteoporosis--why would they have flank pain 2. A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of lactulose to a client who has cirrhosis. The client states, "I don't need this medication. I am not constipated." The nurse should explain that in clients who have cirrhosis, lactulose is used to decrease levels of which of the following components in the bloodstream? a. Glucose b. Ammonia i. Rationale: Lactulose, a disaccharide, is a sugar that works as an osmotic diuretic. It prevents absorption of ammonia in the colon. Accumulation of ammonia in the bloodstream, which occurs in pathologic conditions of the liver, such as cirrhosis, may affect the central nervous system, causing hepatic encephalopathy or coma. c. Potassium d. Bicarbonate 3. A nurse on a medical unit is planning care for an older adult client who takes several medications. Which of the following prescribed medications places the client at risk for orthostatic hypotension? (Select all that apply.) a. Furosemide b. Telmisartan c. Duloxetine d. Clopidogrel e. Atorvastatin 4. Someone has a-fib on coumadin, know what normal PT is 5. Someone is on atorvastatin (statin) what kind of labs do we look at a. Liver function 6. CKD nephrotoxicity a. Antibiotic 7. Heart failure and on Lasix, what are adverse effects of Lasix and what would happen if hypokalemic 8. Celecoxib for osteoarthritis (adverse effects??) a. Not stroke 9. A nurse is caring for a client who has difficulty swallowing medications and is prescribed enteric-coated aspirin PO once daily. The client asks if the medication can be crushed to make it easier to swallow. Which of the following responses should the nurse provide? a. "Crushing the medication might cause you to have a stomachache or indigestion. i. Rationale: The pill is enteric-coated to prevent breakdown in the stomach and decrease the possibility of GI distress. Crushing destroys protection. b. "Crushing the medication is a good idea, and I can mix it in some ice cream for you.” c. "Crushing the medication would release all the medication at once, rather than over time." d. "Crushing is unsafe, as it destroys the ingredients in the medication." 10. A nurse is providing teaching for a client who is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and has a prescription for glipizide. Which of the following statements by the nurse best describes the action of glipizide? a. "Glipizide absorbs the excess carbohydrates in your system." b. "Glipizide stimulates your pancreas to release insulin." i. Rationale: Glipizide is an oral antidiabetic medication in the pharmacological classification of sulfonylurea agents. These medications help to lower blood glucose levels in clients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus using several methods, including reducing glucose output by the liver, increasing peripheral sensitivity to insulin, and stimulating the release of insulin from the functioning beta cells of the pancreas. c. "Glipizide replaces insulin that is not being produced by your pancreas." d. "Glipizide prevents your liver from destroying your insulin." 11. Having transdermal analgesic-- look up emla cream 12. SAA--how to use cream with child ^^^ a. Use visual pain rating scale 13. A nurse is caring for a client who has acti