Essentials of Genetics 8th Edition Test Bank by William

Essentials of Genetics 8th Edition Test Bank by William 1) A protein is 300 amino acids long. Which of the following could be the number of nucleotides in the section of DNA that codes for this protein? (Remember: DNA is double-stranded.) E) 1800 2) A short segment of an mRNA molecule is shown below. The polypeptide it codes for is also shown: 5′-AUGGUGCUGAAG : methionine-valine-leucine-lysine Assume that a mutation in the DNA occurs so that the fourth base (counting from the 5′ end) of the messenger RNA now reads A rather than G. What sequence of amino acids will the mRNA now code for? (You do not need a copy of the genetic code to answer the question.) E) methionine-methionine-leucine-lysine 3) The term peptidyl transferase relates to . B) peptide bond formation during protein synthesis 4) Which of the following are among the major components of prokaryotic ribosomes? C) 16S rRNA, 5S rRNA, and 23S rRNA 5) The one-gene:one-enzyme hypothesis emerged from work on which two organisms? 1. A) coli and yeast 2. B) Drosophila and humans 3. C) Neurospora and Drosophila 4. D) coli and humans 5. E) All of the answers listed are correct. 6) By their experimentation using the Neurospora fungus, Beadle and Tatum were able to propose the far-reaching hypothesis that . C) the role of a specific gene is to produce a specific enzyme 7) The β chain of adult hemoglobin is composed of 146 amino acids of a known sequence. In comparing the normal β chain with the β chain in sickle cell hemoglobin, what alteration is one likely to find? B) glutamic acid replacing valine in the first position 8) The primary structure of a protein is determined by . A) the sequence of amino acids 9) Which protein class directly controls many of the metabolic reactions within a cell? D) enzymes 10) The secondary structure of a protein includes . C) α-helix and β-pleated sheet 11) Side groups of amino acids are typically classified under which of the following? A) polar, nonpolar 12) Nutritional mutations can be defined as . A) those mutations that do not allow a bacterium or fungus to grow on minimal medium but do allow growth on complete medium 2) Conditional mutations are more likely to result from a mutation caused by which of the following alterations to the coding region of a gene? E) tautomeric shift 3) A class of mutations that results in multiple contiguous amino acid changes in proteins is likely to be which of the following? D) frameshift 4) Two formal terms used to describe categories of mutational nucleotide substitutions in DNA are . C) transversions and transitions 5) Mutations that arise in nature, from no particular artificial agent, are called . C) spontaneous mutations 6) Which of the following name two mutagens that would be classified as base analogs? D) 5-bromouracil and 2-amino purine 7) Ultraviolet light causes pyrimidine dimers to form in DNA. Some individuals are genetically incapable of repairing some dimers at “normal” rates. Such individuals are likely to suffer from . A) xeroderma pigmentosum 8) Transposons, or jumping genes, are DNA elements that move within the genome. In which organismic groups are transposons found? A) bacteria B) eukaryotes C) mammals D) ancient bacteria E) all organismic groups 9) All insertion sequences (IS elements) contain two features that are essential for their movement. What are these two elements? A) transposase and inverted terminal repeats 10) Some bacterial transposons, known as Tn elements, are larger than insertion sequences (IS elements) and contain protein-coding genes that have human health significance. What might such a bacterial transposon contain?