1
HESI LPN-ADN ENTRANCE PRACTICE EXAM
2026/2027 | NURSING ADMISSION ASSESSMENT |
75 VERIFIED Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | NGN-
ALIGNED | PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY – Questions 1–15
Q1: Cardiovascular System – Heart Valves
Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Pulmonary valve
C. Mitral valve
D. Aortic valve
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. The tricuspid
valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. The pulmonary valve is between the right
ventricle and pulmonary artery. The aortic valve is between the left ventricle and aorta. [100%
CORRECT]
Q2: Respiratory System – Upper Respiratory Tract
Which structure is part of the upper respiratory tract?
A. Larynx
B. Trachea
C. Bronchi
D. Alveoli
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, pharynx, and larynx. The lower respiratory
tract includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: Nervous System – Autonomic Nervous System
Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system causes:
A. Increased heart rate
B. Pupil dilation
C. Increased digestion
D. Bronchodilation
,2
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The parasympathetic nervous system promotes rest and digestion: increased digestion,
decreased heart rate, pupil constriction, and bronchoconstriction. Sympathetic stimulation causes
the opposite. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: Endocrine System – Antidiuretic Hormone
Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
D. Cortisol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ADH (vasopressin) increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidneys,
reducing urine output. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption. ANP promotes sodium and
water excretion. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Urinary System – Bladder
What is the function of the detrusor muscle?
A. Controls urine flow from the bladder
B. Contracts to expel urine during micturition
C. Prevents urine backflow into the ureters
D. Filters blood in the glomerulus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The detrusor muscle is the smooth muscle of the bladder wall. It contracts during
micturition to expel urine. The internal urethral sphincter controls urine flow. The ureterovesical
junction prevents backflow. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Digestive System – Stomach Cells
Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?
A. Chief cells
B. Parietal cells
C. Goblet cells
D. Enteroendocrine cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. Chief cells secrete
pepsinogen. Goblet cells secrete mucus. Enteroendocrine cells secrete hormones like gastrin. [100%
CORRECT]
, 3
Q7: Musculoskeletal System – Joint Types
Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?
A. Hinge joint
B. Ball-and-socket joint
C. Pivot joint
D. Saddle joint
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ball-and-socket joints (shoulder, hip) allow for the greatest range of motion (flexion,
extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction). Hinge joints allow only flexion and
extension. [100% CORRECT]
Q8: Cardiovascular System – Cardiac Conduction
What is the normal pacemaker of the heart?
A. AV node
B. SA node
C. Bundle of His
D. Purkinje fibers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sinoatrial (SA) node is the normal pacemaker of the heart, initiating electrical
impulses at 60–100 beats per minute. The AV node is a backup pacemaker (40–60 bpm). [100%
CORRECT]
Q9: Respiratory System – Surfactant
What is the function of surfactant in the lungs?
A. Increases surface tension
B. Decreases surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse
C. Transports oxygen
D. Filters pathogens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Surfactant is produced by type II alveolar cells. It decreases surface tension, preventing
alveolar collapse during expiration. Lack of surfactant causes respiratory distress syndrome in
premature infants. [100% CORRECT]
Q10: Nervous System – Cerebrospinal Fluid
Where is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced?
HESI LPN-ADN ENTRANCE PRACTICE EXAM
2026/2027 | NURSING ADMISSION ASSESSMENT |
75 VERIFIED Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | NGN-
ALIGNED | PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY – Questions 1–15
Q1: Cardiovascular System – Heart Valves
Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Pulmonary valve
C. Mitral valve
D. Aortic valve
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. The tricuspid
valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. The pulmonary valve is between the right
ventricle and pulmonary artery. The aortic valve is between the left ventricle and aorta. [100%
CORRECT]
Q2: Respiratory System – Upper Respiratory Tract
Which structure is part of the upper respiratory tract?
A. Larynx
B. Trachea
C. Bronchi
D. Alveoli
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, pharynx, and larynx. The lower respiratory
tract includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: Nervous System – Autonomic Nervous System
Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system causes:
A. Increased heart rate
B. Pupil dilation
C. Increased digestion
D. Bronchodilation
,2
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The parasympathetic nervous system promotes rest and digestion: increased digestion,
decreased heart rate, pupil constriction, and bronchoconstriction. Sympathetic stimulation causes
the opposite. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: Endocrine System – Antidiuretic Hormone
Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
D. Cortisol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ADH (vasopressin) increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidneys,
reducing urine output. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption. ANP promotes sodium and
water excretion. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Urinary System – Bladder
What is the function of the detrusor muscle?
A. Controls urine flow from the bladder
B. Contracts to expel urine during micturition
C. Prevents urine backflow into the ureters
D. Filters blood in the glomerulus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The detrusor muscle is the smooth muscle of the bladder wall. It contracts during
micturition to expel urine. The internal urethral sphincter controls urine flow. The ureterovesical
junction prevents backflow. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Digestive System – Stomach Cells
Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?
A. Chief cells
B. Parietal cells
C. Goblet cells
D. Enteroendocrine cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. Chief cells secrete
pepsinogen. Goblet cells secrete mucus. Enteroendocrine cells secrete hormones like gastrin. [100%
CORRECT]
, 3
Q7: Musculoskeletal System – Joint Types
Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?
A. Hinge joint
B. Ball-and-socket joint
C. Pivot joint
D. Saddle joint
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ball-and-socket joints (shoulder, hip) allow for the greatest range of motion (flexion,
extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction). Hinge joints allow only flexion and
extension. [100% CORRECT]
Q8: Cardiovascular System – Cardiac Conduction
What is the normal pacemaker of the heart?
A. AV node
B. SA node
C. Bundle of His
D. Purkinje fibers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sinoatrial (SA) node is the normal pacemaker of the heart, initiating electrical
impulses at 60–100 beats per minute. The AV node is a backup pacemaker (40–60 bpm). [100%
CORRECT]
Q9: Respiratory System – Surfactant
What is the function of surfactant in the lungs?
A. Increases surface tension
B. Decreases surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse
C. Transports oxygen
D. Filters pathogens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Surfactant is produced by type II alveolar cells. It decreases surface tension, preventing
alveolar collapse during expiration. Lack of surfactant causes respiratory distress syndrome in
premature infants. [100% CORRECT]
Q10: Nervous System – Cerebrospinal Fluid
Where is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced?
