NURSING C155 - Pathopharmalogical Foundations -Traumatic Brain Injury.

NURSING C155 - Pathopharmalogical Foundations -Traumatic Brain Injury/NURSING C155 - Pathopharmalogical Foundations -Traumatic Brain Injury. A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as a strike to the head or a penetrating head injury that interrupts normal function of the brain resulting in an altered mental state. Approximately 1.7 million people are affected every year in the United States; and 5.3 million people live with a disability caused by a TBI. There are approximately 235,000 hospitalizations that occur every year for TBI; and annual estimated direct and indirect costs are $48-65 billion. Males dominate the prevalence of TBIs by representing 78% of all reported accidents; and national statistics report that 50-70% of all TBI accidents are caused by motor vehicle collisions. According to the AANS (2019), the mortality rate for TBI is 30 per 100,000 people and approximately 50% of those who die, will do so within the first two hours of the injury. Pathophysiology