BIOS 256 Exam 2 (Chamberlain)
Questions and Answers Graded
A+ Newest Edition 2026 Version
1. Which of the following is a macronutrient?
A. Vitamins
B. Minerals
C. Proteins
D. Water-soluble vitamins
Correct Answer: C. Proteins
Rationale: Proteins are macronutrients because the body
requires them in relatively large amounts. They provide amino
acids needed for growth, tissue repair, enzyme and hormone
production, immune function, and maintenance of body
structures. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients, which
are required in much smaller quantities.
2. What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
A. Build muscle
B. Source of fuel
,C. Create enzymes
D. Transport lipids
Correct Answer: B. Source of fuel
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body's primary and most
readily available energy source. They are broken down into
glucose, which cells use to produce ATP. Although
carbohydrates can contribute to other metabolic processes,
their principal nutritional role is supplying energy.
3. Which hormone is secreted when blood glucose is high?
A. Glucagon
B. Cortisol
C. Insulin
D. Thyroid hormone
Correct Answer: C. Insulin
Rationale: When blood glucose rises, pancreatic beta cells
release insulin. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by insulin-
sensitive tissues and encourages storage of excess glucose as
glycogen while supporting anabolic processes. This helps
lower blood glucose toward the normal range.
,4. What type of molecule is a triglyceride?
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrate
C. Lipid
D. Nucleic acid
Correct Answer: C. Lipid
Rationale: Triglycerides are lipids composed of glycerol
attached to three fatty acids. They represent an important form
of stored energy in adipose tissue and also provide insulation
and protection for organs.
5. Which of the following is a component of cellular
membranes?
A. Fatty acids
B. Phospholipids
C. Steroids
D. Glycoproteins
Correct Answer: B. Phospholipids
Rationale: Phospholipids form the fundamental bilayer of
biological cell membranes. Their hydrophilic heads interact
, with water, while their hydrophobic tails orient away from
water, creating a selective barrier between the cell's internal
and external environments.
6. What is the primary role of high-density lipoproteins
(HDLs)?
A. Deliver cholesterol to cells
B. Pick up cholesterol from organs for elimination
C. Transport lipids from liver to adipose tissue
D. Store triglycerides in adipose tissue
Correct Answer: B. Pick up cholesterol from organs for
elimination
Rationale: HDL participates in reverse cholesterol transport.
It removes excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues and
transports it toward the liver, where cholesterol can be
processed and ultimately eliminated, primarily through bile.
This is why HDL is commonly associated with a protective
role in cardiovascular health.
7. Which lipoprotein carries lipids absorbed from the
small intestine?
Questions and Answers Graded
A+ Newest Edition 2026 Version
1. Which of the following is a macronutrient?
A. Vitamins
B. Minerals
C. Proteins
D. Water-soluble vitamins
Correct Answer: C. Proteins
Rationale: Proteins are macronutrients because the body
requires them in relatively large amounts. They provide amino
acids needed for growth, tissue repair, enzyme and hormone
production, immune function, and maintenance of body
structures. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients, which
are required in much smaller quantities.
2. What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
A. Build muscle
B. Source of fuel
,C. Create enzymes
D. Transport lipids
Correct Answer: B. Source of fuel
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body's primary and most
readily available energy source. They are broken down into
glucose, which cells use to produce ATP. Although
carbohydrates can contribute to other metabolic processes,
their principal nutritional role is supplying energy.
3. Which hormone is secreted when blood glucose is high?
A. Glucagon
B. Cortisol
C. Insulin
D. Thyroid hormone
Correct Answer: C. Insulin
Rationale: When blood glucose rises, pancreatic beta cells
release insulin. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by insulin-
sensitive tissues and encourages storage of excess glucose as
glycogen while supporting anabolic processes. This helps
lower blood glucose toward the normal range.
,4. What type of molecule is a triglyceride?
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrate
C. Lipid
D. Nucleic acid
Correct Answer: C. Lipid
Rationale: Triglycerides are lipids composed of glycerol
attached to three fatty acids. They represent an important form
of stored energy in adipose tissue and also provide insulation
and protection for organs.
5. Which of the following is a component of cellular
membranes?
A. Fatty acids
B. Phospholipids
C. Steroids
D. Glycoproteins
Correct Answer: B. Phospholipids
Rationale: Phospholipids form the fundamental bilayer of
biological cell membranes. Their hydrophilic heads interact
, with water, while their hydrophobic tails orient away from
water, creating a selective barrier between the cell's internal
and external environments.
6. What is the primary role of high-density lipoproteins
(HDLs)?
A. Deliver cholesterol to cells
B. Pick up cholesterol from organs for elimination
C. Transport lipids from liver to adipose tissue
D. Store triglycerides in adipose tissue
Correct Answer: B. Pick up cholesterol from organs for
elimination
Rationale: HDL participates in reverse cholesterol transport.
It removes excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues and
transports it toward the liver, where cholesterol can be
processed and ultimately eliminated, primarily through bile.
This is why HDL is commonly associated with a protective
role in cardiovascular health.
7. Which lipoprotein carries lipids absorbed from the
small intestine?
