BIOL 112 Lab Exam 1 TAMU Questions
with Guaranteed Pass Solutions.
gene - Answer unit of DNA that determines a given trait
allele - Answer different forms of a gene
genotype - Answer genetic makeup of an organism
phenotype - Answer physical appearance of an organism (based on genotype, may be
modified by environment)
population - Answer a group of interbreeding individuals
population genetics - Answer the study of the genes and alleles in specific populations
gene pool - Answer all of the alleles present in a population and the relative proportions of
those alleles
evolution - Answer the change in allele frequency from one generation to the next
natural selection - Answer the process that occurs when individuals in a population interact
with their environment and, due to their differing genetic traits, reproduce with varying success
T or F:
Natural selection is not a conscious process - Answer True
Adaptation - Answer when a population of organisms undergoes natural selection and obtains
inherited characteristics that enable those organisms to better survive and reproduce
Hardy Weinburg Equilibrium - Answer - reproducing pop. is NOT undergoing any kind of
evolution
- allele frequencies do not change with new gens.
- used to assess a population's evolution
Assumptions necessary for HW model: - Answer 1. large population size
, 2. no immigration/emigration
3. no mutations
4. random mating
5. no natural selection (or artificial selection)
HW equation - Answer p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
p+q=1
p is the frequency of one allele
q is the freq. of the other
2pq is the freq. of the heterozygous genotype
How populations deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium: - Answer Selection and
Genetic Drift
Selection - Answer occurs when an organism's phenotype affects its ability to reproduce
Genetic Drift - Answer A change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of chance
events rather than natural selection.
- magnified in small populations
- often leads to a loss of genetic variation
Genetic Drift may be compounded by: - Answer - a genetic bottleneck
- the founder effect
Fixation - Answer occurs when one allele reaches a frequency 1.0 within the population and
the other allele is lost
Deleterious Alleles - Answer alleles that negatively affect an organism
Two ways a deleterious allele can stay in a population: - Answer 1. recessive refuge
2. heterozygote advantage
with Guaranteed Pass Solutions.
gene - Answer unit of DNA that determines a given trait
allele - Answer different forms of a gene
genotype - Answer genetic makeup of an organism
phenotype - Answer physical appearance of an organism (based on genotype, may be
modified by environment)
population - Answer a group of interbreeding individuals
population genetics - Answer the study of the genes and alleles in specific populations
gene pool - Answer all of the alleles present in a population and the relative proportions of
those alleles
evolution - Answer the change in allele frequency from one generation to the next
natural selection - Answer the process that occurs when individuals in a population interact
with their environment and, due to their differing genetic traits, reproduce with varying success
T or F:
Natural selection is not a conscious process - Answer True
Adaptation - Answer when a population of organisms undergoes natural selection and obtains
inherited characteristics that enable those organisms to better survive and reproduce
Hardy Weinburg Equilibrium - Answer - reproducing pop. is NOT undergoing any kind of
evolution
- allele frequencies do not change with new gens.
- used to assess a population's evolution
Assumptions necessary for HW model: - Answer 1. large population size
, 2. no immigration/emigration
3. no mutations
4. random mating
5. no natural selection (or artificial selection)
HW equation - Answer p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
p+q=1
p is the frequency of one allele
q is the freq. of the other
2pq is the freq. of the heterozygous genotype
How populations deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium: - Answer Selection and
Genetic Drift
Selection - Answer occurs when an organism's phenotype affects its ability to reproduce
Genetic Drift - Answer A change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of chance
events rather than natural selection.
- magnified in small populations
- often leads to a loss of genetic variation
Genetic Drift may be compounded by: - Answer - a genetic bottleneck
- the founder effect
Fixation - Answer occurs when one allele reaches a frequency 1.0 within the population and
the other allele is lost
Deleterious Alleles - Answer alleles that negatively affect an organism
Two ways a deleterious allele can stay in a population: - Answer 1. recessive refuge
2. heterozygote advantage
