TAMU BIOL 112 Lab Quiz 1,2,5,7
Questions and Answers.
Factors needed for Hard-Weinberg Equilibrium - Answer Large population
No immigration/emigration
No mutations
Random mating
No natural selection
Sickle Cell Anemia - Answer
Malaria - Answer Caused by an infection of the single-celled Plasmodium vivax parasite
Transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitos
Symptoms are flu-like but more severe and can result in major complications or death
Deleterious Alleles - Answer are alleles that negatively affect an organism
Usually recessive
Often lethal
Recessive Refuge - Answer a phenomenon that enables a deleterious recessive allele to persist
in a gene pool by "hiding out" in heterozygous individuals
Ex. Cystic Fibrosis Allele
Refuge becomes easier as the recessive allele becomes more rare
Heterozygote Advantage - Answer occurs when the heterozygous genotype has an advantage
over either of the homozygous genotypes
another mechanism by which a deleterious allele can persist within a population
Ex. Sickle-cell Anemia
Natural Selection - Answer The process that occurs when individuals in a population interact
with their environment and, due to their differing genetic traits, reproduce with varying success.
- Ones with the most reproductive success pass on their genetic traits to the next generation
Evolution - Answer the change in allele frequency from one generation to the next
, Selection - Answer occurs when an organism's phenotype affects its ability to reproduce
Genetic Drift - Answer a change in allelic frequencies due to the random products of mating
Magnified in small populations
Leads to a loss of genetic variation
Theory of Evolution - Answer 1. Species changes over time
2. Species are related through descent from a common ancestor
3. Biological change is driven by observable factors
Homologous vs Analogous - Answer Homologous- Same structure, different function
Analogous - Same function, diffrent structure (convergent evolution)
Systematics - Answer Encompasses both taxonomy and phylogenys
Taxonomy - Answer Process of describing, identifying, naming , and grouping organisms
- Groups are given a hierarchical structure
-can be based on morphology, embryonic development, fossil evidence, and DNA
Phylogeny - Answer -Creates trees to group taxa based on ancestry
Monophyletic - Answer - A taxon that consists of an ancestor and all of its descendents
Paraphyletic - Answer Includes ancestor and some of its descendants, but not all
Polyphyletic - Answer Includes more than one descended lineage of multiple ancestors. Often
based on external ancestors
Cladogram - Answer - Constructed by comparing groups of organisms to an outgroup
Outgroup - Answer closely related group that doesn't belong in your in-group
Pleisiomorphy - Answer -Primitive character state
- Common to all ( or at least their ancestors)
Apomorphy - Answer - New, derived character state
Questions and Answers.
Factors needed for Hard-Weinberg Equilibrium - Answer Large population
No immigration/emigration
No mutations
Random mating
No natural selection
Sickle Cell Anemia - Answer
Malaria - Answer Caused by an infection of the single-celled Plasmodium vivax parasite
Transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitos
Symptoms are flu-like but more severe and can result in major complications or death
Deleterious Alleles - Answer are alleles that negatively affect an organism
Usually recessive
Often lethal
Recessive Refuge - Answer a phenomenon that enables a deleterious recessive allele to persist
in a gene pool by "hiding out" in heterozygous individuals
Ex. Cystic Fibrosis Allele
Refuge becomes easier as the recessive allele becomes more rare
Heterozygote Advantage - Answer occurs when the heterozygous genotype has an advantage
over either of the homozygous genotypes
another mechanism by which a deleterious allele can persist within a population
Ex. Sickle-cell Anemia
Natural Selection - Answer The process that occurs when individuals in a population interact
with their environment and, due to their differing genetic traits, reproduce with varying success.
- Ones with the most reproductive success pass on their genetic traits to the next generation
Evolution - Answer the change in allele frequency from one generation to the next
, Selection - Answer occurs when an organism's phenotype affects its ability to reproduce
Genetic Drift - Answer a change in allelic frequencies due to the random products of mating
Magnified in small populations
Leads to a loss of genetic variation
Theory of Evolution - Answer 1. Species changes over time
2. Species are related through descent from a common ancestor
3. Biological change is driven by observable factors
Homologous vs Analogous - Answer Homologous- Same structure, different function
Analogous - Same function, diffrent structure (convergent evolution)
Systematics - Answer Encompasses both taxonomy and phylogenys
Taxonomy - Answer Process of describing, identifying, naming , and grouping organisms
- Groups are given a hierarchical structure
-can be based on morphology, embryonic development, fossil evidence, and DNA
Phylogeny - Answer -Creates trees to group taxa based on ancestry
Monophyletic - Answer - A taxon that consists of an ancestor and all of its descendents
Paraphyletic - Answer Includes ancestor and some of its descendants, but not all
Polyphyletic - Answer Includes more than one descended lineage of multiple ancestors. Often
based on external ancestors
Cladogram - Answer - Constructed by comparing groups of organisms to an outgroup
Outgroup - Answer closely related group that doesn't belong in your in-group
Pleisiomorphy - Answer -Primitive character state
- Common to all ( or at least their ancestors)
Apomorphy - Answer - New, derived character state
