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Game theory

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This document introduces core game‑theory tools using simple payoff matrices and real examples. It explains best responses, Nash equilibrium, dominant strategies, and Pareto efficiency, including worked cases like the Rice–Cassava game — “In Rice-Cassava: (Cassava, Rice) is NE.” It also covers major game types (Prisoner’s Dilemma, Invisible-Hand, Public-Good) and why real behavior can differ from Nash predictions, noting that “peer-punishment raises contributions.” A final section gives a quick method for reading any payoff matrix: “Find best-responses… Locate Nash Equilibrium… Check for dominance… Assess efficiency.”

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Example (Rice–Cassava Game): Rows = Anil, Columns = Bala.

Rice Cassava


Rice (4, 3) (4, 5)


Cassava (6, 4) (6, 2)




g
2. Core Analytical Concepts

Concept Definition Application




fro
Best Response The strategy that gives the
highest payoff, given the
other player’s move.
Find each player’s
best-response for all
opponent actions.
ol
Nash A set of strategies where In Rice–Cassava: (Cassava,
Equilibrium (NE) all players play Rice) is NE.
best-responses
simultaneously.
el

Dominant A strategy that yields a In the pest-control game,
Strategy higher payoff no matter Toxic Tide dominates for
what the other player does. both.
th


Dominant-Strate Both players play dominant Yields the classic Prisoner’s
gy Equilibrium strategies. Dilemma outcome (T, T).

Connected book
 image
The Core Econ Team The Economy 2.0: Microeconomics
Publisher: 2024 ISBN: 9781647921606 Edition: Unknown

Document information

Uploaded on
August 7, 2026
Number of pages
3
Written in
2025/2026
Type
Class notes
Professor(s)
Melissa knox
Contains
All classes
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