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Samenvatting Geslaagd! Psychologie en Rechtspsychologie

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Dit is een volledige samenvatting voor het vak psychologie en rechtspsychologie gedoceerd door professor Vanderhallen in tweede bachelor aan de Universiteit Antwerpen. Deze samenvatting bevat het boek, powerpoint en lesnotities. Ook de readers zijn uitgebreid samengevat.

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PSYCHOLOGIE EN
RECHTSPSYCHOLOGIE
M. Vanderhallen

,Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding.......................................................................................................................... 5

H1: Geest, gedrag en psychologische wetenschap..............................................................5
Onderzoeksmethoden in de psychologie.............................................................................................. 5
Fenomeen en probleemstelling.......................................................................................................... 6
onderzoeksvraag............................................................................................................................... 6
Soort onderzoek, doelen, hypotheses................................................................................................ 6
Benadering........................................................................................................................................ 7
Design............................................................................................................................................... 7
Dataverzamelingsmethoden.............................................................................................................. 9
Data-analyse.................................................................................................................................... 10
Rapportage...................................................................................................................................... 10
Sterktes en zwaktes......................................................................................................................... 10
Wat is psychologie.............................................................................................................................. 11
Lang verleden, korte geschiedenis.................................................................................................. 12
De eerste indruk.............................................................................................................................. 13
Impact van de psychologie op dagelijkse leven...............................................................................14
Recent onderzoek............................................................................................................................ 15
Perspectieven en stromingen.............................................................................................................. 16
Biologisch perspectief...................................................................................................................... 16
cognitief perspectief........................................................................................................................ 17
Behavioristisch perspectief.............................................................................................................. 18
Perspectief vanuit de hele persoon.................................................................................................. 18
Ontwikkelingsperspectief................................................................................................................. 20
Sociocultureel perspectief............................................................................................................... 20
Conclusie......................................................................................................................................... 21
Deelgebieden...................................................................................................................................... 21
Klinische psychologie....................................................................................................................... 21
Ontwikkelingspsychologie................................................................................................................ 21
Sociale psychologie......................................................................................................................... 21
Arbeids- en organisatiepsychologie.................................................................................................22
Persoonlijkheidspsychologie............................................................................................................ 22
Leerpsychologie............................................................................................................................... 22
Gezondheidspsychologie................................................................................................................. 22
Sportpsychologen............................................................................................................................ 22
schoolpsychologen.......................................................................................................................... 22
Forensisch psychologen................................................................................................................... 22
omgevingspsychologen................................................................................................................... 22
Gerontopsychologen........................................................................................................................ 23
Andere deelgebieden....................................................................................................................... 23

H2: Gastcollege: bio psychologie, neurowetenschappen en de menselijke aard.................23
inleiding Bio psychologie.................................................................................................................... 23
Voorbeeld: zaak afpersing John en Linda de Mol..............................................................................24
evolutie en psychologie...................................................................................................................... 24
structurele organisatie van de hersenen............................................................................................. 25
het zenuwstelsel.............................................................................................................................. 25
Het CSZ in detail.............................................................................................................................. 26
het perifere zenuwstelsel................................................................................................................. 31

1

, het neuron / de zenuwcel.................................................................................................................... 32
Neurotransmitters............................................................................................................................ 33
Hormonen of het endocriene stelsel................................................................................................... 34
in de cel.............................................................................................................................................. 35
genetische verklaringen voor pyschologische processen.................................................................36
epigenetica......................................................................................................................................... 37
hoe levenservaringen het epigenoom veranderen...........................................................................37
erfelijkheid.......................................................................................................................................... 39
invloed van de omgeving................................................................................................................. 39

H12: Gastcollege: Psychische stoornissen........................................................................40
relevantie............................................................................................................................................ 40
concept van een psychische stoornis.................................................................................................. 41
Geschiedenis van psychische stoornissen........................................................................................... 41
classificatie pasychische stoornissen.................................................................................................. 42
stemmingsstoornissen..................................................................................................................... 42
Angststoornissen............................................................................................................................. 44
Obsessief-compulsieve stoornis....................................................................................................... 44
psychotische stoornissen................................................................................................................. 45
post-traumatische stressstoornis..................................................................................................... 47
ontwikkelingsstoornis...................................................................................................................... 47
persoonlijkheidsstoornis.................................................................................................................. 49
stoornis in middelengebruik............................................................................................................. 51
Diagnostische cyclus........................................................................................................................... 52
Forensische zorg in België.................................................................................................................. 52
Forensische expertise in België........................................................................................................... 53

H5: Geheugen................................................................................................................. 53
functies van het geugen..................................................................................................................... 54
Werking: hoe worden herinnereingen gevormd..................................................................................54
multi storage memory model........................................................................................................... 54
Opbouw........................................................................................................................................... 54
Hoe herinneringen ophalen................................................................................................................. 57
Problemen........................................................................................................................................... 57
Verbeteren van geheugen.................................................................................................................. 59

H4: Leren....................................................................................................................... 59
Inleiding.............................................................................................................................................. 59
Conditioneringstheorieën.................................................................................................................... 60
Klassieke conditionering.................................................................................................................. 60
operante conditionering................................................................................................................... 61
Inzichtelijk leren............................................................................................................................... 62
Sociaal leren.................................................................................................................................... 62
Sociaal-constructivisme................................................................................................................... 63

H11: Sociale perceptie, attitudes en sociale beïnvloeding.................................................63
sociale psychologie............................................................................................................................. 63

2

, sociale situatie en gedrag................................................................................................................... 63
sociale gedragsnormen.................................................................................................................... 63
conformisme.................................................................................................................................... 64
constructie van de sociale werkelijkheid............................................................................................. 69
interpersoonlijke aantrekkingskracht...............................................................................................69
cognitieve attributie........................................................................................................................ 70
vooroordelen en discriminatie......................................................................................................... 70
systemen en gedrag........................................................................................................................... 70
Kritiek stanford prison experiment................................................................................................... 71
Conclusie............................................................................................................................................ 71

Inleiding: Reflectie rechtspsychologie & rechtspsychologische thema’s.............................72
Reflectie.............................................................................................................................................. 72
Nederland........................................................................................................................................ 73
België............................................................................................................................................. 75
Kloof tussen recht en rechtspsychologie.......................................................................................... 75
Belangrijke concepten........................................................................................................................ 76
rechtspsychologische thema’s............................................................................................................ 76
Opsporing........................................................................................................................................ 77
Beslissen.......................................................................................................................................... 78
straffen............................................................................................................................................ 79
A Lie and a Mistress On Increasing the Believability of Your Alibi (tekst 1).........................................79
Inleiding........................................................................................................................................... 79
Kernbevindingen.............................................................................................................................. 80
Kritiek en Discussie.......................................................................................................................... 80
Conclusie......................................................................................................................................... 80

Herkenning door getuigen..............................................................................................80
Introductie.......................................................................................................................................... 81
Ooggetuigen.................................................................................................................................... 81
The innocence project..................................................................................................................... 82
Getuigenveklaringen........................................................................................................................... 82
Signalement.................................................................................................................................... 84
Herkenningstesten.............................................................................................................................. 85
Procedure van een line-up............................................................................................................... 87
Stemherkenning................................................................................................................................. 91
Conclusie............................................................................................................................................ 91
Wells et al. (tekst 4)............................................................................................................................ 91
Inleiding........................................................................................................................................... 91
Kernbevindingen.............................................................................................................................. 92
Kritiek.............................................................................................................................................. 92
Conclusie......................................................................................................................................... 93
Wells American Psychologist article (tekst 5)......................................................................................93
Inleiding........................................................................................................................................... 93
Kernconcepten................................................................................................................................. 93
Kritiek.............................................................................................................................................. 94
Conclusie......................................................................................................................................... 94

Verhoor van minderjarige slachtoffers.............................................................................95

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