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A nurse is educating a breast-feeding patient about her medications. Which
statements by the nurse are true? (SATA) -ANSWER--"Drugs taken by lactating
women can be excreted in breast milk."
-"If drug concentrations in milk are high enough, a pharmacologic effect can occur
in the infant."
-"Most drugs can be detected in milk, but concentrations are usually too low to
cause harm."
When a pregnant woman has been exposed to a known teratogen, what is the
first step in identifying risks for malformation? (SATA) -ANSWER--Determine
exactly when the drug was taken.
-Determine exactly when the pregnancy began.
For a drug to be a proven teratogen, which criteria must be met? (SATA) -
ANSWER--The drug must cause a characteristic set of malformations.
-The drug must act only during a specific window of vulnerability.
-The incidence of malformations should increase with increasing dosage and
duration of drug exposure.
The nurse is caring for a group of very young patients receiving a variety of
medications. Which concept guides the nurse's care of these patients? -ANSWER-
Drugs given subcutaneously (SC) remain in the body longer in infants than in
adults.
,Which intervention would the nurse choose to minimize the risk of drug toxicity in
neonates and infants? -ANSWER-Reduce the amount of drug given.
When administering a medication known to be metabolized by the liver, the
nurse will closely monitor for adverse drug reactions in which patient? -ANSWER-
A 3-month-old infant
For medications that do not have established pediatric doses, the most common
method of extrapolating the appropriate dose is based on which measurement? -
ANSWER-Body surface area
Why are infants especially sensitive to drugs that affect CNS function? -ANSWER-
The blood-brain barrier is not fully developed at birth.
The nurse will monitor which laboratory result closely when administering
medications to an older adult patient while assessing for adverse drug reactions
(ADRs)? -ANSWER-Creatinine clearance
The nurse is caring for a group of older adult patients who are all receiving
multiple medications. The nurse understands that it is essential to individualize
each patient's therapy. Which is the best rationale for this practice? -ANSWER-
Renal function declines with age, leading to decreased drug excretion.
When preparing a teaching session for residents at an assisted living facility, the
nurse will include what? -ANSWER-The importance of avoiding intentional
underdosing
, When assessing for drug effects in the older adult, which phase of
pharmacokinetics is the greatest concern? -ANSWER-Excretion
What is the Beers list? -ANSWER-Drugs with a high likelihood of causing adverse
effects in older adults
Older adult patients are at high risk for adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Which
measures can reduce the incidence of ADRs? (SATA) -ANSWER--Taking a thorough
drug history, including over-the-counter (OTC) medications
-Monitoring clinical response and laboratory results to help determine proper
dosage
-Regularly monitoring patients for drug-drug and drug-nutrient interactions
-Helping patients to avoid prescriptions for drugs on the Beers list
Which factors may contribute to unintentional nonadherence? (SATA) -ANSWER--
Forgetfulness
-Failure to comprehend instructions
-Inability to pay for medications
A patient is experiencing symptoms of the "fight-or-flight" response. Which
autonomic process stimulates this response? -ANSWER-Sympathetic system
The nurse knows that which neurotransmitter is most commonly found at the
synapses of the peripheral nervous system? -ANSWER-Acetylcholine