NR507 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL
NEWEST
2026-2027 ACTUAL
EXAM
Endometrial cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - the portion
within the menstrual cycle that has to do with the
endometrium, aka the lining of the uterus
Follicular phase - CORRECT ANSWER - Begins on day 1
of your cycle, and lasts until about day 14. It's where
the endometrium grows to form a lush lining inside the
uterus
Luteal phase - CORRECT ANSWER - The body secretes
estrogen and progesterone to prepare the lining of the
uterus for implantation; lasts 12 days
,Menstrual phase - CORRECT ANSWER - Levels of
estrogen and progesterone start to decline and the
endometrial lining begins to shed; lasts 3 to 5 days
The occurrence of ovulation - CORRECT ANSWER -
Ovulation occurs post follicular phase and pre-luteal
phase
Uterine prolapse - CORRECT ANSWER - Uterus
protrudes into the vaginal cavity and possibly extend to
the outside;
Pessary - CORRECT ANSWER - Common first-line
treatment for uterine prolapse, which is a removable
mechanical device that holds the uterus in position
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) - CORRECT
ANSWER - •Hormonal imbalance and metabolic
problems that causes infertility.
•Is a common and treatable cause of infertility
amongst women.
,Risks for Testicular Cancer - CORRECT ANSWER - -An
undescended testicle (cryptorchidism)
-Family history of testicular cancer
-HIV infection
-Carcinoma in situ of the testicle
-Having had testicular cancer before
Symptoms of breast cancer - CORRECT ANSWER -
Lump, hard knot or thickening.
Swelling, warmth, redness or darkening.
Change in the size or shape of the breast.
Dimpling or puckering of the skin.
Itchy, scaly sore or rash on the nipple.
Pulling in of your nipple or other parts of the breast.
Nipple discharge that starts suddenly.
New pain in one spot that doesn't go away.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) - CORRECT
ANSWER - -Severe form of PMS
, -Physical and behavioral symptoms resolve with onset
on menstruation
-Extreme mood shifts
-Sadness, hopelessness, irritability, anger
-Breast tenderness, bloating
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding - CORRECT ANSWER -
•Also called anovulatory bleeding
•Any bleeding from the vagina that varies from the
normal menstrual cycle.
•Normal cycle is triggered by signals from hormones
•Occurs when the cycle's hormonal signals get thrown
off.
•Can include alternating periods that are heavy and
light, spotting or unpredictable shorter and longer
cycles.
Prostate Cancer Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER -
Reduction of DHT (Dihydroxytestosterone) ;
Finasteride/Dutasteride are 5 alph reductase inhibitors
and cause the reduction of DHT;
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL
NEWEST
2026-2027 ACTUAL
EXAM
Endometrial cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - the portion
within the menstrual cycle that has to do with the
endometrium, aka the lining of the uterus
Follicular phase - CORRECT ANSWER - Begins on day 1
of your cycle, and lasts until about day 14. It's where
the endometrium grows to form a lush lining inside the
uterus
Luteal phase - CORRECT ANSWER - The body secretes
estrogen and progesterone to prepare the lining of the
uterus for implantation; lasts 12 days
,Menstrual phase - CORRECT ANSWER - Levels of
estrogen and progesterone start to decline and the
endometrial lining begins to shed; lasts 3 to 5 days
The occurrence of ovulation - CORRECT ANSWER -
Ovulation occurs post follicular phase and pre-luteal
phase
Uterine prolapse - CORRECT ANSWER - Uterus
protrudes into the vaginal cavity and possibly extend to
the outside;
Pessary - CORRECT ANSWER - Common first-line
treatment for uterine prolapse, which is a removable
mechanical device that holds the uterus in position
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) - CORRECT
ANSWER - •Hormonal imbalance and metabolic
problems that causes infertility.
•Is a common and treatable cause of infertility
amongst women.
,Risks for Testicular Cancer - CORRECT ANSWER - -An
undescended testicle (cryptorchidism)
-Family history of testicular cancer
-HIV infection
-Carcinoma in situ of the testicle
-Having had testicular cancer before
Symptoms of breast cancer - CORRECT ANSWER -
Lump, hard knot or thickening.
Swelling, warmth, redness or darkening.
Change in the size or shape of the breast.
Dimpling or puckering of the skin.
Itchy, scaly sore or rash on the nipple.
Pulling in of your nipple or other parts of the breast.
Nipple discharge that starts suddenly.
New pain in one spot that doesn't go away.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) - CORRECT
ANSWER - -Severe form of PMS
, -Physical and behavioral symptoms resolve with onset
on menstruation
-Extreme mood shifts
-Sadness, hopelessness, irritability, anger
-Breast tenderness, bloating
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding - CORRECT ANSWER -
•Also called anovulatory bleeding
•Any bleeding from the vagina that varies from the
normal menstrual cycle.
•Normal cycle is triggered by signals from hormones
•Occurs when the cycle's hormonal signals get thrown
off.
•Can include alternating periods that are heavy and
light, spotting or unpredictable shorter and longer
cycles.
Prostate Cancer Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER -
Reduction of DHT (Dihydroxytestosterone) ;
Finasteride/Dutasteride are 5 alph reductase inhibitors
and cause the reduction of DHT;
