NR 228 Week 5: Clinical Nutrition & Therapeutic Diets 2026
|Chamberlain
1. A patient is prescribed a clear liquid diet. Which of the following items is
acceptable?
A. Apple juice
B. Vanilla pudding
C. Orange juice with pulp
D. Cream of mushroom soup
Answer: A
Rationale: Clear liquids must be transparent at room temperature. Apple juice is clear,
while pudding and cream soups are full liquids, and pulp is not allowed.
2. Which diet is most appropriate for a patient with severe dysphagia?
A. Mechanical soft
B. Regular
C. Pureed
D. Low residue
Answer: C
Rationale: A pureed diet is used for patients with the highest risk of aspiration or severe
swallowing difficulties as it requires no chewing.
,3. A patient on a full liquid diet asks for a snack. Which of the following is
permitted?
A. Scrambled eggs
B. Greek yogurt (no fruit chunks)
C. Banana
D. Toast
Answer: B
Rationale: Full liquid diets include all clear liquids plus dairy products like yogurt, ice
cream, and milk, provided they contain no solids.
4. What is the primary nutritional goal for a patient with Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
A. High calorie, high protein, small frequent meals
B. High carbohydrate intake to boost energy
C. Low fat, high fiber diet
D. Sodium restriction to 1 gram per day
Answer: A
Rationale: COPD patients have high energy expenditure due to the work of breathing.
Small frequent meals prevent fatigue and abdominal fullness while eating.
5. Which mineral should be restricted in a patient with Stage 4 Chronic Kidney
Disease?
A. Phosphorus
B. Iron
C. Calcium
D. Zinc
Answer: A
Rationale: In renal failure, the kidneys cannot effectively excrete phosphorus; high levels
can lead to bone disease and calcification of tissues.
, 6. A nurse is teaching a patient about a low-sodium diet for hypertension.
Which food should the patient avoid?
A. Fresh broccoli
B. Brown rice
C. Canned vegetable soup
D. Baked chicken breast
Answer: C
Rationale: Canned soups are notoriously high in sodium used as a preservative. Fresh
vegetables and unprocessed meats are naturally low in sodium.
7. What is the recommended diet for a patient recovering from a
Cholecystectomy?
A. High fat diet
B. Low fat diet
C. Ketogenic diet
D. High protein diet only
Answer: B
Rationale: Since the gallbladder stores bile for fat digestion, a low-fat diet is necessary
post-surgery to prevent malabsorption and discomfort.
8. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is learning about carbohydrate counting. How
many grams of carbohydrates equal one serving?
A. 15 grams
B. 5 grams
C. 30 grams
D. 50 grams
Answer: A
Rationale: In diabetic meal planning, one carbohydrate choice or serving is standardized
to 15 grams of carbohydrates.
|Chamberlain
1. A patient is prescribed a clear liquid diet. Which of the following items is
acceptable?
A. Apple juice
B. Vanilla pudding
C. Orange juice with pulp
D. Cream of mushroom soup
Answer: A
Rationale: Clear liquids must be transparent at room temperature. Apple juice is clear,
while pudding and cream soups are full liquids, and pulp is not allowed.
2. Which diet is most appropriate for a patient with severe dysphagia?
A. Mechanical soft
B. Regular
C. Pureed
D. Low residue
Answer: C
Rationale: A pureed diet is used for patients with the highest risk of aspiration or severe
swallowing difficulties as it requires no chewing.
,3. A patient on a full liquid diet asks for a snack. Which of the following is
permitted?
A. Scrambled eggs
B. Greek yogurt (no fruit chunks)
C. Banana
D. Toast
Answer: B
Rationale: Full liquid diets include all clear liquids plus dairy products like yogurt, ice
cream, and milk, provided they contain no solids.
4. What is the primary nutritional goal for a patient with Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
A. High calorie, high protein, small frequent meals
B. High carbohydrate intake to boost energy
C. Low fat, high fiber diet
D. Sodium restriction to 1 gram per day
Answer: A
Rationale: COPD patients have high energy expenditure due to the work of breathing.
Small frequent meals prevent fatigue and abdominal fullness while eating.
5. Which mineral should be restricted in a patient with Stage 4 Chronic Kidney
Disease?
A. Phosphorus
B. Iron
C. Calcium
D. Zinc
Answer: A
Rationale: In renal failure, the kidneys cannot effectively excrete phosphorus; high levels
can lead to bone disease and calcification of tissues.
, 6. A nurse is teaching a patient about a low-sodium diet for hypertension.
Which food should the patient avoid?
A. Fresh broccoli
B. Brown rice
C. Canned vegetable soup
D. Baked chicken breast
Answer: C
Rationale: Canned soups are notoriously high in sodium used as a preservative. Fresh
vegetables and unprocessed meats are naturally low in sodium.
7. What is the recommended diet for a patient recovering from a
Cholecystectomy?
A. High fat diet
B. Low fat diet
C. Ketogenic diet
D. High protein diet only
Answer: B
Rationale: Since the gallbladder stores bile for fat digestion, a low-fat diet is necessary
post-surgery to prevent malabsorption and discomfort.
8. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is learning about carbohydrate counting. How
many grams of carbohydrates equal one serving?
A. 15 grams
B. 5 grams
C. 30 grams
D. 50 grams
Answer: A
Rationale: In diabetic meal planning, one carbohydrate choice or serving is standardized
to 15 grams of carbohydrates.
