NR 228: Nutrition, Health & Wellness | Exam 1 — Midterm |
2026/2027 Update
1. Which of the following macronutrients provides 9 kilocalories per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Fats
D. Vitamins
Answer: C
Rationale: Fats are the most energy-dense macronutrient, providing 9 kcal/g, while
carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kcal/g.
2. The primary function of carbohydrates in the human body is to:
A. Build and repair tissues
B. Synthesize hormones
C. Provide a source of energy
D. Regulate body temperature
Answer: C
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body’s preferred source of energy, especially for the
brain and nervous system.
,3. Which Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) represents the average daily nutrient
intake level estimated to meet the requirements of half of the healthy
individuals in a group?
A. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
B. Adequate Intake (AI)
C. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
D. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
Answer: C
Rationale: The EAR is the intake level for a nutrient at which the needs of 50 percent of the
population will be met.
4. Which of the following is considered a complete protein source?
A. Black beans
B. Peanuts
C. Quinoa
D. Whole grain bread
Answer: C
Rationale: Quinoa is one of the few plant-based foods that contain all nine essential amino
acids, making it a complete protein.
5. The process of breaking down large food molecules into smaller ones through
the action of enzymes is called:
A. Mechanical digestion
B. Peristalsis
C. Chemical digestion
D. Absorption
Answer: C
Rationale: Chemical digestion involves the use of enzymes and acids to break down food
molecules.
, 6. Which organ is the primary site for the absorption of most nutrients?
A. Stomach
B. Small Intestine
C. Large Intestine
D. Esophagus
Answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine, with its villi and microvilli, is where the vast majority of
nutrient absorption occurs.
7. A deficiency in which vitamin is associated with night blindness?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin K
Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy vision; a lack of it leads to
impaired adaptation to darkness.
8. Which of the following is a function of dietary fiber?
A. Increases blood glucose rapidly
B. Promotes healthy bowel movements
C. Provides 7 kcal per gram
D. Synthesizes muscle tissue
Answer: B
Rationale: Fiber adds bulk to the stool and aids in the movement of waste through the
digestive tract.
2026/2027 Update
1. Which of the following macronutrients provides 9 kilocalories per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Fats
D. Vitamins
Answer: C
Rationale: Fats are the most energy-dense macronutrient, providing 9 kcal/g, while
carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kcal/g.
2. The primary function of carbohydrates in the human body is to:
A. Build and repair tissues
B. Synthesize hormones
C. Provide a source of energy
D. Regulate body temperature
Answer: C
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the body’s preferred source of energy, especially for the
brain and nervous system.
,3. Which Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) represents the average daily nutrient
intake level estimated to meet the requirements of half of the healthy
individuals in a group?
A. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
B. Adequate Intake (AI)
C. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
D. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
Answer: C
Rationale: The EAR is the intake level for a nutrient at which the needs of 50 percent of the
population will be met.
4. Which of the following is considered a complete protein source?
A. Black beans
B. Peanuts
C. Quinoa
D. Whole grain bread
Answer: C
Rationale: Quinoa is one of the few plant-based foods that contain all nine essential amino
acids, making it a complete protein.
5. The process of breaking down large food molecules into smaller ones through
the action of enzymes is called:
A. Mechanical digestion
B. Peristalsis
C. Chemical digestion
D. Absorption
Answer: C
Rationale: Chemical digestion involves the use of enzymes and acids to break down food
molecules.
, 6. Which organ is the primary site for the absorption of most nutrients?
A. Stomach
B. Small Intestine
C. Large Intestine
D. Esophagus
Answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine, with its villi and microvilli, is where the vast majority of
nutrient absorption occurs.
7. A deficiency in which vitamin is associated with night blindness?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin K
Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy vision; a lack of it leads to
impaired adaptation to darkness.
8. Which of the following is a function of dietary fiber?
A. Increases blood glucose rapidly
B. Promotes healthy bowel movements
C. Provides 7 kcal per gram
D. Synthesizes muscle tissue
Answer: B
Rationale: Fiber adds bulk to the stool and aids in the movement of waste through the
digestive tract.
