,
,Test Bank For
Essentials of Human Diseases and Conditions, 8th Edition 2025 Tracie Fuqua
Chapter 1-15
Chapter 01: Mechanisms of Disease, Diagnosis, and Treatment
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Signs of disease
a. always cause symptoms.
b. rarely correlate with symptoms.
c. include abnormal objective findings.
d. are always described by the patient.
ANS: C
Signs, or abnormal objective findings, are the evidence of disease found by physical
examination and diagnostic testing. Signs of disease often correlate with the symptoms.
REF: p. 2 OBJ: 2
2. Predisposing factors of disease
a. precisely predict the occurrence of disease.
b. make a person or group more vulnerable to disease.
c. never overlap or occur in combination.
d. can all be controlled by prevention.
ANS: B
A person may be susceptible to a greater or lesser degree, because of one or more risk factors
that overlap or occur in combination. Predisposing factors include age, gender, lifestyle,
environment, heredity, and immunodeficiency.
REF: p. 2 OBJ: 3
3. Genetic diseases may be
a. produced by an abnormality in or mutation of the genetic code in a single gene.
b. caused by several abnormal genes.
c. caused by the abnormal presence or absence of a chromosome or an alteration of
the structure of chromosomes.
d. All of the answer options
ANS: D
Genetic predisposition (inheritance) currently is considered a major risk factor. Hereditary
factors in disease that appear regularly in successive generations are likely to affect males and
females equally. Hereditary or genetic diseases often develop as a result of the combined
effects of inheritance and environmental factors.
REF: p. 6 OBJ: 8
4. Which statement is true of benign tumors?
, a. Tend to remain encapsulated
b. Infiltrate surrounding tissue
c. Do not compress surrounding tissue or obstruct organs
d. Do not resemble the tissue of origin
ANS: A
Benign tumors usually develop slowly and can arise from any tissue. They tend to remain
encapsulated and do not infiltrate surrounding tissue.
REF: p. 7 OBJ: 7
5. Which statement is true of malignant tumors?
a. Tend to infiltrate other tissue.
b. Tend to bleed, ulcerate, and become infected.
c. May spread to distant sites in the body.
d. All of the answer options
ANS: D
Malignant tumors can represent a serious threat to the health and life of a person. Cancer cells
are variable in appearance and disorderly (anaplastic) and tend to bleed, ulcerate, and become
infected. Malignant tumors have the ability to infiltrate and invade the surrounding tissue.
Often malignant cells enter the bloodstream or the lymphatic vessels and spread to distant
sites in the body leading to tumor growth in other areas of the body.
REF: p. 8 OBJ: 7
6. Which statement is true regarding the TNM (tumor, nodes, metastasis) cancer staging system?
a. Assesses the size and extent of the spread of the primary tumor.
b. Is a grading system based on the degree of differentiation of tumor cells.
c. Both answer options are true.
d. Neither answer options are true.
ANS: A
Although a number of different staging systems exist, the majority of cancers use a TNM
system. TNM staging assesses the neoplasm in three different areas: the size or extent of the
primary tumor (T), the extent of regional lymph node involvement by the tumor (N), and the
number of distant metastases (M).
REF: p. 10 OBJ: 10
7. The tumor Gleason grade reflects which information about the tumor?
a. Stage
b. Degree of abnormal microscopic appearance of the cells
c. Location
d. None of the answer options
ANS: B
The Gleason grade correlates with extent of disease throughout the body and with prognosis.
Analysis of prostate tumor histology is performed, and the two predominant patterns are
recorded and scored from 1 to 5 (1 represents a well-differentiated histology; 5 is the most
poorly differentiated).
,Test Bank For
Essentials of Human Diseases and Conditions, 8th Edition 2025 Tracie Fuqua
Chapter 1-15
Chapter 01: Mechanisms of Disease, Diagnosis, and Treatment
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Signs of disease
a. always cause symptoms.
b. rarely correlate with symptoms.
c. include abnormal objective findings.
d. are always described by the patient.
ANS: C
Signs, or abnormal objective findings, are the evidence of disease found by physical
examination and diagnostic testing. Signs of disease often correlate with the symptoms.
REF: p. 2 OBJ: 2
2. Predisposing factors of disease
a. precisely predict the occurrence of disease.
b. make a person or group more vulnerable to disease.
c. never overlap or occur in combination.
d. can all be controlled by prevention.
ANS: B
A person may be susceptible to a greater or lesser degree, because of one or more risk factors
that overlap or occur in combination. Predisposing factors include age, gender, lifestyle,
environment, heredity, and immunodeficiency.
REF: p. 2 OBJ: 3
3. Genetic diseases may be
a. produced by an abnormality in or mutation of the genetic code in a single gene.
b. caused by several abnormal genes.
c. caused by the abnormal presence or absence of a chromosome or an alteration of
the structure of chromosomes.
d. All of the answer options
ANS: D
Genetic predisposition (inheritance) currently is considered a major risk factor. Hereditary
factors in disease that appear regularly in successive generations are likely to affect males and
females equally. Hereditary or genetic diseases often develop as a result of the combined
effects of inheritance and environmental factors.
REF: p. 6 OBJ: 8
4. Which statement is true of benign tumors?
, a. Tend to remain encapsulated
b. Infiltrate surrounding tissue
c. Do not compress surrounding tissue or obstruct organs
d. Do not resemble the tissue of origin
ANS: A
Benign tumors usually develop slowly and can arise from any tissue. They tend to remain
encapsulated and do not infiltrate surrounding tissue.
REF: p. 7 OBJ: 7
5. Which statement is true of malignant tumors?
a. Tend to infiltrate other tissue.
b. Tend to bleed, ulcerate, and become infected.
c. May spread to distant sites in the body.
d. All of the answer options
ANS: D
Malignant tumors can represent a serious threat to the health and life of a person. Cancer cells
are variable in appearance and disorderly (anaplastic) and tend to bleed, ulcerate, and become
infected. Malignant tumors have the ability to infiltrate and invade the surrounding tissue.
Often malignant cells enter the bloodstream or the lymphatic vessels and spread to distant
sites in the body leading to tumor growth in other areas of the body.
REF: p. 8 OBJ: 7
6. Which statement is true regarding the TNM (tumor, nodes, metastasis) cancer staging system?
a. Assesses the size and extent of the spread of the primary tumor.
b. Is a grading system based on the degree of differentiation of tumor cells.
c. Both answer options are true.
d. Neither answer options are true.
ANS: A
Although a number of different staging systems exist, the majority of cancers use a TNM
system. TNM staging assesses the neoplasm in three different areas: the size or extent of the
primary tumor (T), the extent of regional lymph node involvement by the tumor (N), and the
number of distant metastases (M).
REF: p. 10 OBJ: 10
7. The tumor Gleason grade reflects which information about the tumor?
a. Stage
b. Degree of abnormal microscopic appearance of the cells
c. Location
d. None of the answer options
ANS: B
The Gleason grade correlates with extent of disease throughout the body and with prognosis.
Analysis of prostate tumor histology is performed, and the two predominant patterns are
recorded and scored from 1 to 5 (1 represents a well-differentiated histology; 5 is the most
poorly differentiated).
