Congenital Heart Disease Exam with Complete Solutions
Congenital Heart Disease Exam with Complete Solutions What four defects are present leading to tetralogy of fallot? ANSWER -VSD -Pulmonary Stenosis -Overriding Aorta -Right Ventricular Hypertrophy assessments of infants with tetralogy of fallot ANSWER -May be acutely cyanotic at birth or mildly cyanotic that worsens as the pulmonary stenosis worsens -Do better if have a PDA -Characteristic Murmur -Hypercyanotic Episodes or "Tet" Spells: acute episodes of hypoxia during crying, feeding, or stooling (blue spells) where severe right to left shunting occurs role of PDA in tetralogy of fallot ANSWER A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can play a very important role by providing an alternate pathway for blood to reach the lungs, allowing adequate pulmonary blood flow even in the face of very severe RV outflow obstruction. The flow across the PDA goes from left (the aorta) to right (the pulmonary artery) in this setting. Reason why PDA is necessary because a lot of un-oxygenated blood enters the aorta through the VSD; through the PDA un-oxygenated from the aorta returns to pulmonary arteries to be oxygenated by lungs before re-entering the aorta.
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