TEAS 7-Biology
Monomers - ✔✔ANS small molecular building blocks of polymers
Endothermic Reaction - ✔✔ANS A reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat
Hydrolysis - ✔✔ANS a chemical reaction that adds water to a macromolecule in order to break its covalent
bond; key component in digestion
The creation of macromolecules is what kind of reaction? - ✔✔ANS Endothermic reaction called
dehydration
The breakdown of macromolecules is what kind of reaction? - ✔✔ANS Exothermic reaction called
hydrolysis
4 Types of Macromolecules - ✔✔ANS carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Macromolecules are also known as - ✔✔ANS biopolymers
Simplest unit of a carbohydrate - ✔✔ANS monosaccharide
At the molecular level, carbohydrates contain - ✔✔ANS Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Glucose - ✔✔ANS A very common carbohydrate monomer that exists as a hexose (meaning it has 6
carbons in it).
Carbohydrate monomers tend to end in - ✔✔ANS -ose
Carbohydrate functions in living systems - ✔✔ANS 1. storage
2. structure
3. communication/recognition
, Plants use carbohydrates in the form of - ✔✔ANS cellulose
chitin - ✔✔ANS carbohydrate used by fungi to add structure to their cell wall and by insects/anthropods
in their exoskeleton
Glycoprotein - ✔✔ANS A protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached to it, used by the
human body for cellular recognition. Oligosaccharide with amino acids attached that attaches to a cell's
lipid membrane in cellular recognition; antibody, immunoglobulin
Carbohydrate stored in the liver - ✔✔ANS glycogen
Smallest unit of a lipid - ✔✔ANS fatty acid
On a molecular level, lipids contain a lot of - ✔✔ANS hydrogen and carbon
Lipids do not mix with water, meaning they are - ✔✔ANS hydrophobic
Lipids have 2 important functions - ✔✔ANS 1. Storing energy
2. Providing structure
Adipose Tissue - ✔✔ANS Connective tissue in the body that stores fat.
Phospholipids - ✔✔ANS Used by cells, particularly in cell membranes, to provide structure
This lipid bilayer has a hydrophilic phosphate group that points towards the aqueous environment: -
✔✔ANS phospholipid bilayer
Simplest unit of a protein - ✔✔ANS amino acid
All proteins contain - ✔✔ANS C, H, O and N (Nitrogen)
amine group (NH2) and carboxyl group (COOH)
Functions of proteins in the body - ✔✔ANS 1. Provide structure
2. Provide immunity
3. Provide transport
Monomers - ✔✔ANS small molecular building blocks of polymers
Endothermic Reaction - ✔✔ANS A reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat
Hydrolysis - ✔✔ANS a chemical reaction that adds water to a macromolecule in order to break its covalent
bond; key component in digestion
The creation of macromolecules is what kind of reaction? - ✔✔ANS Endothermic reaction called
dehydration
The breakdown of macromolecules is what kind of reaction? - ✔✔ANS Exothermic reaction called
hydrolysis
4 Types of Macromolecules - ✔✔ANS carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Macromolecules are also known as - ✔✔ANS biopolymers
Simplest unit of a carbohydrate - ✔✔ANS monosaccharide
At the molecular level, carbohydrates contain - ✔✔ANS Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Glucose - ✔✔ANS A very common carbohydrate monomer that exists as a hexose (meaning it has 6
carbons in it).
Carbohydrate monomers tend to end in - ✔✔ANS -ose
Carbohydrate functions in living systems - ✔✔ANS 1. storage
2. structure
3. communication/recognition
, Plants use carbohydrates in the form of - ✔✔ANS cellulose
chitin - ✔✔ANS carbohydrate used by fungi to add structure to their cell wall and by insects/anthropods
in their exoskeleton
Glycoprotein - ✔✔ANS A protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached to it, used by the
human body for cellular recognition. Oligosaccharide with amino acids attached that attaches to a cell's
lipid membrane in cellular recognition; antibody, immunoglobulin
Carbohydrate stored in the liver - ✔✔ANS glycogen
Smallest unit of a lipid - ✔✔ANS fatty acid
On a molecular level, lipids contain a lot of - ✔✔ANS hydrogen and carbon
Lipids do not mix with water, meaning they are - ✔✔ANS hydrophobic
Lipids have 2 important functions - ✔✔ANS 1. Storing energy
2. Providing structure
Adipose Tissue - ✔✔ANS Connective tissue in the body that stores fat.
Phospholipids - ✔✔ANS Used by cells, particularly in cell membranes, to provide structure
This lipid bilayer has a hydrophilic phosphate group that points towards the aqueous environment: -
✔✔ANS phospholipid bilayer
Simplest unit of a protein - ✔✔ANS amino acid
All proteins contain - ✔✔ANS C, H, O and N (Nitrogen)
amine group (NH2) and carboxyl group (COOH)
Functions of proteins in the body - ✔✔ANS 1. Provide structure
2. Provide immunity
3. Provide transport
