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Summary Organic Chemistry 2: Carboxylic Acids

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2025/2026 Written for academic year
Institution University Of Florida
Course CHM2211
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This sheet covers reactions of carboxylic acid derivatives through nucleophilic acyl substitution mechanisms. Topics include ester hydrolysis, ester saponification, nitrile hydrolysis, and amide hydrolysis. The notes also explain reactions of acid chlorides and reductions of carbonyl compounds using metal hydride reagents. These reactions show how different derivatives interconvert within carbonyl chemistry.

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Nitrile Hydrolysis Ester Hydrolysis



Ne +
~ No
#
For
- 10 an
~ - - +
120-H + 100
O
o-
-+ + n
I
m




↑
- i




Ester saponification

-


o P
amide hydrolysis


+
+i
k
+
"Ho
-
i
Nach
"

P P - NHz -0 - Na + NH3
- Nat
+
- - Na
+
I ↳ H


-H ob k H2

not g
+


I ok
+
+
N
fa
on
+ I
# Han
nucleophilic acyl substitution of an acid chloride
+ koho-k +




P -
-

carbonyl reduction using metal hydride reagents

- I


* Ca-OHneXo-H-4 o
TI
-
OH




- or
- NaBH +




i
-
I 2 .
H20 I

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