AACN PCCN Review: Heart Failure
Exam With Complete Solutions
Anatomy of the Heart - ANSWER - Vena Cava - Right Atruim - Tricuspid - Pulmnary Arterty - Pulm Vein -
Left ATrium - Mitral - Left Ventricle - Aorta
Anatomy of the Heart Diagram - ANSWER -
Non-modifiable rish factors - ANSWER - Age
Gender
Family History
Race
Modifiable Risk Factors - ANSWER - Smoking
Hypertension
Diabetes
Obesity
Stress
Exercise
Hyperlipidemia
Cardiac Physical Exam - ANSWER - Color, pulses, Rate and Rhythm, PMI Location, Extremity
temperature, dyspnea, fatigue level, fluid retention, palpitations, dizziness
Chest Pain Exam - ANSWER - PQRST Assessment
P: Pain, placement, provocation
Q: Quality and Quantity
R: Radiation, Relief
, S: Severity, Systems (nausea, sweaty, dizziness)
T: Timing (when did it start, how long, ect)
Cardiac Assessment Hemodynamic Stability - ANSWER - Vital signs, Ortho Vitals, Breath Sounds, Work of
Breathing, LOC, Noninvasive cardiac output monitoring
Cardiac Assessment - ANSWER - 12 lead
Echo
Stresst Test
Cardiac Cath
Doppler Ultrasound
Blood work: Cardiac enzymes (CK-MB), Amino acids (troponins), Heme Proteins (Myoglobin), Lipids,
Coags, BNP, C Reactive Protein, Homocysteine
Cardiac Output = - ANSWER - Cardiac Out = Heart Rate X Stroke volume. (The amount of blood leaving
the heart in over a minute. )
Cardiac Output is basically - ANSWER - The amount of blood leaving the heart over a minute.
Stroke volume (ml/beat) is determined by - ANSWER - Stroke Volume = preload + after load +
contractility
Preload - ANSWER - The Stretch on the ventricles = The volume of blood creating a stretch on the
muscular chamber at the end of diastole.
Preload Determined by - ANSWER - The amount of volume in the patient's body and where is that
volume (septic patients have volume in periphery and not in the heart so a decrease in preload). If a
patient has an infarct with poor ventricle strength and there would be an increase in preload as its not
leaving the heart
Decreases in preload - ANSWER - Hypovolemia
Arrhythmia
Exam With Complete Solutions
Anatomy of the Heart - ANSWER - Vena Cava - Right Atruim - Tricuspid - Pulmnary Arterty - Pulm Vein -
Left ATrium - Mitral - Left Ventricle - Aorta
Anatomy of the Heart Diagram - ANSWER -
Non-modifiable rish factors - ANSWER - Age
Gender
Family History
Race
Modifiable Risk Factors - ANSWER - Smoking
Hypertension
Diabetes
Obesity
Stress
Exercise
Hyperlipidemia
Cardiac Physical Exam - ANSWER - Color, pulses, Rate and Rhythm, PMI Location, Extremity
temperature, dyspnea, fatigue level, fluid retention, palpitations, dizziness
Chest Pain Exam - ANSWER - PQRST Assessment
P: Pain, placement, provocation
Q: Quality and Quantity
R: Radiation, Relief
, S: Severity, Systems (nausea, sweaty, dizziness)
T: Timing (when did it start, how long, ect)
Cardiac Assessment Hemodynamic Stability - ANSWER - Vital signs, Ortho Vitals, Breath Sounds, Work of
Breathing, LOC, Noninvasive cardiac output monitoring
Cardiac Assessment - ANSWER - 12 lead
Echo
Stresst Test
Cardiac Cath
Doppler Ultrasound
Blood work: Cardiac enzymes (CK-MB), Amino acids (troponins), Heme Proteins (Myoglobin), Lipids,
Coags, BNP, C Reactive Protein, Homocysteine
Cardiac Output = - ANSWER - Cardiac Out = Heart Rate X Stroke volume. (The amount of blood leaving
the heart in over a minute. )
Cardiac Output is basically - ANSWER - The amount of blood leaving the heart over a minute.
Stroke volume (ml/beat) is determined by - ANSWER - Stroke Volume = preload + after load +
contractility
Preload - ANSWER - The Stretch on the ventricles = The volume of blood creating a stretch on the
muscular chamber at the end of diastole.
Preload Determined by - ANSWER - The amount of volume in the patient's body and where is that
volume (septic patients have volume in periphery and not in the heart so a decrease in preload). If a
patient has an infarct with poor ventricle strength and there would be an increase in preload as its not
leaving the heart
Decreases in preload - ANSWER - Hypovolemia
Arrhythmia
