BI 121 (LECTURE) EXAM 3 GRCC FORBES 2026 SPRING TEST QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
Vitamin D
Calcium absorption in small intestine
Vitamin A
Osteoblast and osteoclast activity during fetal development
Vitamin C
Collagen formation in bones
UV Exposure
Vitamin D synthesized in presence of UV
Mechanical Stress
Stimulates osteoblasts Example: dental implants
Hormones
Secreted by the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, ovaries, and testes
,Pituitary Dwarfism
Decreased level of human growth hormone. Normal body proportions but dwarfed.
Pituitary Gigantism
Increased level of human growth hormone resulting in stature of 8 feet
Acromegaly
Increased levels of human growth hormone results in enlarged hands, feet, jaw, organs.
Chondrodysplasia
Irregular collagen fibers. Stunted growth, deformed joints
Fractures
Any cracking or breaking of bone
Traumatic Fracture
Fracture via injury caused by force form the outside world
Pathologic Fracture
, Fracture caused by disease
Closed Fracture
Skin not broken via bone movement
Compound Fracture
Skin broken via bone movement exposing fracture
Complete Fracture
Bone broken into 2 or more pieces
Incomplete Fracture
Bone not broken into 2 pieces
Path Note: Osteoporosis
Trabeculae are lost and compact bone develops open spaces due to inactivity of
osteoblasts and continued osteoclast activity.
Risk factors: female, light complexion, alcohol, smoking, genes, anorexia, lack of exercise
in adolescence
Cleft palate
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
Vitamin D
Calcium absorption in small intestine
Vitamin A
Osteoblast and osteoclast activity during fetal development
Vitamin C
Collagen formation in bones
UV Exposure
Vitamin D synthesized in presence of UV
Mechanical Stress
Stimulates osteoblasts Example: dental implants
Hormones
Secreted by the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, ovaries, and testes
,Pituitary Dwarfism
Decreased level of human growth hormone. Normal body proportions but dwarfed.
Pituitary Gigantism
Increased level of human growth hormone resulting in stature of 8 feet
Acromegaly
Increased levels of human growth hormone results in enlarged hands, feet, jaw, organs.
Chondrodysplasia
Irregular collagen fibers. Stunted growth, deformed joints
Fractures
Any cracking or breaking of bone
Traumatic Fracture
Fracture via injury caused by force form the outside world
Pathologic Fracture
, Fracture caused by disease
Closed Fracture
Skin not broken via bone movement
Compound Fracture
Skin broken via bone movement exposing fracture
Complete Fracture
Bone broken into 2 or more pieces
Incomplete Fracture
Bone not broken into 2 pieces
Path Note: Osteoporosis
Trabeculae are lost and compact bone develops open spaces due to inactivity of
osteoblasts and continued osteoclast activity.
Risk factors: female, light complexion, alcohol, smoking, genes, anorexia, lack of exercise
in adolescence
Cleft palate
