PORTAGE NUTRITION BIOD 121 EXAM
4 VITAMINS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
PASSED RATED 100% CORRECT
Vitamins - organic or inorganic? - CORRECT ANSWER Organic
Vitamins that CAN be synthesized by the human body - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin
K, biotin, Vitamin D
Vitamin(s) synthesized by gut bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin K, biotin
Vitamin(s) synthesized in the skin - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin D
Vitamins that can be synthesized with precursors (and list precursors) - CORRECT
ANSWER Vitamin A (beta carotene), niacin (tryptophan)
Enrichment - CORRECT ANSWER Adding nutrients that were lost during processing
back into final product
Fortification - CORRECT ANSWER Adding additional nutrients to product that were not
orginally present
List the fat soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER A, D, E, K
Can fat soluble vitamins be toxic? Why? - CORRECT ANSWER Yes; they are not
easily excreted after storage in liver and adipose
Forms of vitamin A (where they are found) - CORRECT ANSWER preformed vitamin A
-- retinol or retinal (animal sources); provitamin A carotenoids (red orange yellow
vegetables, leafy greens)
Vitamin A processes - CORRECT ANSWER vision, skin health, epithelial GI lining,
growth, development, reproduction, prevent cancer and cardiovascular disease
Abnormal eye dryness due to vitamin A deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER
xerophthalmia
Sources of preformed vit A - CORRECT ANSWER liver, fish, fish oils, yogurt, eggs
Yellowing of palms and soles (how) - CORRECT ANSWER carotenodermia (excess
consumption of yellow and orange vegetables)
, Upper limit for preformed vit A (toxicity symptoms) - CORRECT ANSWER 3000
mcg/day (hip fracture, liver toxicity, fetal malformations)
Vitamin D forms (where) - CORRECT ANSWER D2/ergocalciferol (supplements),
D3/cholecalciferol (natural)
Dietary sources of Vit D - CORRECT ANSWER fatty fish, eggs, butter, yogurt
How much sun do you need for Vit D? - CORRECT ANSWER 10 mins BIW (for 80% of
Vit D needs)
Primary function of Vit D - CORRECT ANSWER calcium regulation, bone metabolism
Secondary functions of Vit D - CORRECT ANSWER immune function, skin, muscle
health, BP control
Bow legs, caused by Vit D deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER Rickets
Soft bones - CORRECT ANSWER osteomalacia
Thin, porous bones - CORRECT ANSWER Osteoporosis
Vit D toxicity symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER loss of calcium, weakness, loss of
appetite, confusion, Calcium deposit in kidneys
Vit E main function - CORRECT ANSWER antioxidant (protect against free radicals)
Most widely used supplement - CORRECT ANSWER Vit E (anti-aging, love, heart
health)
Forms of Vit E (where) - CORRECT ANSWER alpha-tocopherol (body), gamma-
tocopherol (plants)
Vit E deficiency symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER cellular breakdown, hemolysis
Vit E toxicity levels and symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER 1000mg/day, hemorrhagic
reponses
Vit E sources - CORRECT ANSWER oils, eggs, whole grains, nuts
Vit K primary process - CORRECT ANSWER coagulation
Vit K sources - CORRECT ANSWER oils, leafy greens, fish, liver
4 VITAMINS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
PASSED RATED 100% CORRECT
Vitamins - organic or inorganic? - CORRECT ANSWER Organic
Vitamins that CAN be synthesized by the human body - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin
K, biotin, Vitamin D
Vitamin(s) synthesized by gut bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin K, biotin
Vitamin(s) synthesized in the skin - CORRECT ANSWER Vitamin D
Vitamins that can be synthesized with precursors (and list precursors) - CORRECT
ANSWER Vitamin A (beta carotene), niacin (tryptophan)
Enrichment - CORRECT ANSWER Adding nutrients that were lost during processing
back into final product
Fortification - CORRECT ANSWER Adding additional nutrients to product that were not
orginally present
List the fat soluble vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER A, D, E, K
Can fat soluble vitamins be toxic? Why? - CORRECT ANSWER Yes; they are not
easily excreted after storage in liver and adipose
Forms of vitamin A (where they are found) - CORRECT ANSWER preformed vitamin A
-- retinol or retinal (animal sources); provitamin A carotenoids (red orange yellow
vegetables, leafy greens)
Vitamin A processes - CORRECT ANSWER vision, skin health, epithelial GI lining,
growth, development, reproduction, prevent cancer and cardiovascular disease
Abnormal eye dryness due to vitamin A deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER
xerophthalmia
Sources of preformed vit A - CORRECT ANSWER liver, fish, fish oils, yogurt, eggs
Yellowing of palms and soles (how) - CORRECT ANSWER carotenodermia (excess
consumption of yellow and orange vegetables)
, Upper limit for preformed vit A (toxicity symptoms) - CORRECT ANSWER 3000
mcg/day (hip fracture, liver toxicity, fetal malformations)
Vitamin D forms (where) - CORRECT ANSWER D2/ergocalciferol (supplements),
D3/cholecalciferol (natural)
Dietary sources of Vit D - CORRECT ANSWER fatty fish, eggs, butter, yogurt
How much sun do you need for Vit D? - CORRECT ANSWER 10 mins BIW (for 80% of
Vit D needs)
Primary function of Vit D - CORRECT ANSWER calcium regulation, bone metabolism
Secondary functions of Vit D - CORRECT ANSWER immune function, skin, muscle
health, BP control
Bow legs, caused by Vit D deficiency - CORRECT ANSWER Rickets
Soft bones - CORRECT ANSWER osteomalacia
Thin, porous bones - CORRECT ANSWER Osteoporosis
Vit D toxicity symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER loss of calcium, weakness, loss of
appetite, confusion, Calcium deposit in kidneys
Vit E main function - CORRECT ANSWER antioxidant (protect against free radicals)
Most widely used supplement - CORRECT ANSWER Vit E (anti-aging, love, heart
health)
Forms of Vit E (where) - CORRECT ANSWER alpha-tocopherol (body), gamma-
tocopherol (plants)
Vit E deficiency symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER cellular breakdown, hemolysis
Vit E toxicity levels and symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER 1000mg/day, hemorrhagic
reponses
Vit E sources - CORRECT ANSWER oils, eggs, whole grains, nuts
Vit K primary process - CORRECT ANSWER coagulation
Vit K sources - CORRECT ANSWER oils, leafy greens, fish, liver
