Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Final Exam Test with
Answers Graded A
A 3-day old infant is noted to have a mildly What is a consequence of plasma membrane
elevated unconjugated bilirubin level and icterus. damage to the mitochondria?
Your concern is that this child may have:
a. physiologic jaundice A) enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic
b. kernicterus acid (DNA) synthese
c. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase B) influx of calcium ions halts adenosine
deficiency triphosphate (ATP) production
d. pathologic jaundice - ANSWER - C) edema from an influx in sodium causes a
physiologic jaundice reduction in ATP production
D) potassium shifts out of the mitochondria,
which destroys the infrastructure
Which cell component is capable of cellular
autodigestion when it is released during cell
injury? Which of the following is function of Golgi?
a. lysosomes a. Packages protein for secretion to the outside
b. ribosomesc. smooth endoplasmi of the cell
c reticulum b. Produces ATP for cell function
d. golgi complex - ANSWER -Lysosomes c. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
d. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell -
ANSWER -Packages protein for secretion
Ans: B- peroxisomes - ANSWER -Which to the outside of the cell
component of the cell produces hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an Ans: A- apoptosis involves programmed cell
oxidative reaction? death of scattered singel cells - ANSWER -
Which statement is a description of one of the
A) lysosomes characteristics of apoptosis?
B) peroxisomes
C) ribosomes A) apoptosis involves programmed cell death of
D) oxyhydrosomes scattered singel cells
B) apoptosis is characterized by the swelling of
the nucleus and the cytoplasm
The difference between eukaryotes and C) apoptosis involves unpredictable patterns of
prokaryotes is that eukaryotes: cell death
a. all of these answers are correct D) apoptosis results in benign malignancies
b. are smaller in size
c. contain organelles
d. have no nuclear membrane - ANSWER - Ans: C- the osmotic pressure is increased, which
Contain organelles and complex internal pulls additional sodium across the cell membrane
membranes - ANSWER -During cell injury caused by
hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell
because:
Ans: B- influx of calcium ions halts adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) production - ANSWER - A) during cell injury cause by hypoxia, sodium
and water move into the cell because:
,Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Final Exam Test with
Answers Graded A
B) the pump that transports sodium out of the cell Transcription is best defined as a process by
cannot function because of a decrease in which
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels a. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of
C) the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls the amino acid sequence
additional sodium across the cell membrane b. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on
D) oxygen is not available to bind with sodium to RNA.
maintain it outside of the cell c. RNA directs the synthesis of ribosomes for
protein synthesis
d. RNA is synthesized from a DNA template -
Which of the following is function of the rough ANSWER -RNA is synthesized from a DNA
endoplasmic reticulum? template
a. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
b. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
c. Packages protein for secretion to the outside What is the most common cause of Down
of the cell syndrome?
d. Produces ATP for cell function - a. paternal translocation
ANSWER -Is the site of protein synthesis in b. paternal viral illness
a cell c. nondisjunction error
d. maternal viral illness - ANSWER -
nondisjunction error
Ans: A- adipose cells contain little water because
fat is water repelling - ANSWER -Obesity
creates a greater risk for dehydration in people A person with XXXY has the genetic disorder
because: called __________ syndrome.
a. down
A) adipose cells contain little water because fat is b. fragile x
water repelling c. klinefelter
B) the metabolic rates of obese adults are slower d. turner - ANSWER -klinefelter
than those of lean adults
C) the rates of urine output of obese adults are
higher than thos of lean adults Cystic fibrosis is caused by an
D) the thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do __________________ gene.
not function effectively a. x-linked dominant
b. autosomal recessive
c. autosomal dominant
What genetic process is likely responsible for the d. x-linked recessive - ANSWER -
occurrence of asthma in only one of a pair of autosomal recessive
identical twins?
a. genomic imprinting
b. epigenetic modifications Ans: A- high sodium in the blood vessels pulls
c. methylation water out of the brain cells into the blood vessels,
d. transgenerational inheritance -
causing brain cells to shrink - ANSWER -
ANSWER -Epigenetic modifications What causes the clinical manifestations of
confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage,
, Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Final Exam Test with
Answers Graded A
and coma in hypernatremia? a. sex-linked recessive disease
b. autosomal dominant disease
A) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water c. x-linked recessive disease
out of the brain cells into the blood vessels, d. chromosome structure abnormality disease -
causing brain cells to shrink ANSWER -x-linked recessive disease
B) high sodium in the brain cells pulls water out
of the blood vessels into the brain cells, causing
them to swell Which cell is the body's primary defense against
C) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls parasite invasion?
potassium out of the brain cells, which slows the a. t lymphocytes
synapses in the brain b. neutrophils
D) high sodium in the blood vessels draws c. eosinophils
chloride into the brain cells followed by water, d. b lymphocytes - ANSWER -Eosinophils
causing the brain cells to swell
Which pathway in the complement system is
Organelle that contains the code needed for activated by an antigen-antibody response?
oxidative phosphorylation is: a. lectin
a. mitochondria b. classic
b. lysosomes c. alternative
c. nucleus
d. none of the above - ANSWER -classic
d. vacuoles - ANSWER -mitochondria
The hallmark of AIDS profound
Programmed cell death is an active process of immunosuppression, results from:
cellular self-destruction. It is also referred to as a. proper function of helper t cells
a. apoptosis b. infection of b cells
b. necrosis c. severe loss of CD4 Th cells
c. metastatic calcification d. none of the above - ANSWER -severe
d. gangrene - ANSWER -Apoptosis loss of CD4 Th cells
The nucleolus is a small dense structure These are proteins released by bacteria during
composed mainly of RNA and cellular DNA. growth.
What causes the DNA to bind and fold into a. endotoxins
chromosomes? b. TNF
a. amino acid sequences c. exotoxins
b. histones
d. pili - ANSWER -exotoxins
c. polymerase
d. miRNA - ANSWER -Histones
Activation of the complement cascade may
destroy pathogens directly and can activate with
Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy is never virtually every other component of the
transmitted from father to son. It is a good inflammatory response.
example of
Answers Graded A
A 3-day old infant is noted to have a mildly What is a consequence of plasma membrane
elevated unconjugated bilirubin level and icterus. damage to the mitochondria?
Your concern is that this child may have:
a. physiologic jaundice A) enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic
b. kernicterus acid (DNA) synthese
c. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase B) influx of calcium ions halts adenosine
deficiency triphosphate (ATP) production
d. pathologic jaundice - ANSWER - C) edema from an influx in sodium causes a
physiologic jaundice reduction in ATP production
D) potassium shifts out of the mitochondria,
which destroys the infrastructure
Which cell component is capable of cellular
autodigestion when it is released during cell
injury? Which of the following is function of Golgi?
a. lysosomes a. Packages protein for secretion to the outside
b. ribosomesc. smooth endoplasmi of the cell
c reticulum b. Produces ATP for cell function
d. golgi complex - ANSWER -Lysosomes c. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
d. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell -
ANSWER -Packages protein for secretion
Ans: B- peroxisomes - ANSWER -Which to the outside of the cell
component of the cell produces hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an Ans: A- apoptosis involves programmed cell
oxidative reaction? death of scattered singel cells - ANSWER -
Which statement is a description of one of the
A) lysosomes characteristics of apoptosis?
B) peroxisomes
C) ribosomes A) apoptosis involves programmed cell death of
D) oxyhydrosomes scattered singel cells
B) apoptosis is characterized by the swelling of
the nucleus and the cytoplasm
The difference between eukaryotes and C) apoptosis involves unpredictable patterns of
prokaryotes is that eukaryotes: cell death
a. all of these answers are correct D) apoptosis results in benign malignancies
b. are smaller in size
c. contain organelles
d. have no nuclear membrane - ANSWER - Ans: C- the osmotic pressure is increased, which
Contain organelles and complex internal pulls additional sodium across the cell membrane
membranes - ANSWER -During cell injury caused by
hypoxia, sodium and water move into the cell
because:
Ans: B- influx of calcium ions halts adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) production - ANSWER - A) during cell injury cause by hypoxia, sodium
and water move into the cell because:
,Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Final Exam Test with
Answers Graded A
B) the pump that transports sodium out of the cell Transcription is best defined as a process by
cannot function because of a decrease in which
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels a. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of
C) the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls the amino acid sequence
additional sodium across the cell membrane b. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on
D) oxygen is not available to bind with sodium to RNA.
maintain it outside of the cell c. RNA directs the synthesis of ribosomes for
protein synthesis
d. RNA is synthesized from a DNA template -
Which of the following is function of the rough ANSWER -RNA is synthesized from a DNA
endoplasmic reticulum? template
a. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
b. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
c. Packages protein for secretion to the outside What is the most common cause of Down
of the cell syndrome?
d. Produces ATP for cell function - a. paternal translocation
ANSWER -Is the site of protein synthesis in b. paternal viral illness
a cell c. nondisjunction error
d. maternal viral illness - ANSWER -
nondisjunction error
Ans: A- adipose cells contain little water because
fat is water repelling - ANSWER -Obesity
creates a greater risk for dehydration in people A person with XXXY has the genetic disorder
because: called __________ syndrome.
a. down
A) adipose cells contain little water because fat is b. fragile x
water repelling c. klinefelter
B) the metabolic rates of obese adults are slower d. turner - ANSWER -klinefelter
than those of lean adults
C) the rates of urine output of obese adults are
higher than thos of lean adults Cystic fibrosis is caused by an
D) the thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do __________________ gene.
not function effectively a. x-linked dominant
b. autosomal recessive
c. autosomal dominant
What genetic process is likely responsible for the d. x-linked recessive - ANSWER -
occurrence of asthma in only one of a pair of autosomal recessive
identical twins?
a. genomic imprinting
b. epigenetic modifications Ans: A- high sodium in the blood vessels pulls
c. methylation water out of the brain cells into the blood vessels,
d. transgenerational inheritance -
causing brain cells to shrink - ANSWER -
ANSWER -Epigenetic modifications What causes the clinical manifestations of
confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage,
, Advanced Pathophysiology, Pathophysiology Final Exam Test with
Answers Graded A
and coma in hypernatremia? a. sex-linked recessive disease
b. autosomal dominant disease
A) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water c. x-linked recessive disease
out of the brain cells into the blood vessels, d. chromosome structure abnormality disease -
causing brain cells to shrink ANSWER -x-linked recessive disease
B) high sodium in the brain cells pulls water out
of the blood vessels into the brain cells, causing
them to swell Which cell is the body's primary defense against
C) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls parasite invasion?
potassium out of the brain cells, which slows the a. t lymphocytes
synapses in the brain b. neutrophils
D) high sodium in the blood vessels draws c. eosinophils
chloride into the brain cells followed by water, d. b lymphocytes - ANSWER -Eosinophils
causing the brain cells to swell
Which pathway in the complement system is
Organelle that contains the code needed for activated by an antigen-antibody response?
oxidative phosphorylation is: a. lectin
a. mitochondria b. classic
b. lysosomes c. alternative
c. nucleus
d. none of the above - ANSWER -classic
d. vacuoles - ANSWER -mitochondria
The hallmark of AIDS profound
Programmed cell death is an active process of immunosuppression, results from:
cellular self-destruction. It is also referred to as a. proper function of helper t cells
a. apoptosis b. infection of b cells
b. necrosis c. severe loss of CD4 Th cells
c. metastatic calcification d. none of the above - ANSWER -severe
d. gangrene - ANSWER -Apoptosis loss of CD4 Th cells
The nucleolus is a small dense structure These are proteins released by bacteria during
composed mainly of RNA and cellular DNA. growth.
What causes the DNA to bind and fold into a. endotoxins
chromosomes? b. TNF
a. amino acid sequences c. exotoxins
b. histones
d. pili - ANSWER -exotoxins
c. polymerase
d. miRNA - ANSWER -Histones
Activation of the complement cascade may
destroy pathogens directly and can activate with
Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy is never virtually every other component of the
transmitted from father to son. It is a good inflammatory response.
example of
