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ABductor (spasmodic dysphonia) - answer-_increased opening of the VF -voice: breathy, pitch breaks ABductor Muscle (intrinsic) (open the glottis & separate VFs) - answer--posterior cricoarytenoids (PCA) Acoustic - answer--frequency/ amplitude/ duration ADductor (spasmodic dysphonia) - answer--increased closing of the VF (slamming together) -voice: strained-strangled, choppy speech ADductor Muscles (intrinsic) (close the glottis & bring VF together) - answer--lateral cricoarytenoi...

A compressed workweek - answer-Improves employee satisfaction A five year-old is probably too young to - answer-Dust shelves a group will often make more extreme decisions than any one member would make independently. This phenomenon is known as - answer-Group polarization A kitchen is fourteen fee long and ten feet wide, but it has an adjoining pantry four feet deep and four feet wide. What is the gross area of the kitchen? - answer-14 x (10+4) A lesson plan calls for students to ac...

Acoustic Phonetics - answer-Measures of speech production you can get from microphone recordings and what they can tell us about the way the larynx was operating and the way the articulators were moving Aerodynamics - answer-Pressures, flows, and resistances involved in regulating our breath stream as we speak Areas of Speech Science Study - answer-1) Acoustic phonetics 2) Physiological phonetics 3) Speech perception As a general rule, a ___________________ increase in intensity is pe...

A row of dominoes falling over one by one is an example of what kind of wave? - answer- A waveform is a graphic representation of a changing shape of some phenomena (a vibration in this case) as a function of _______. - answer- Antinodes - answer- By convention, when we graphically display a soundwave, what does the horizontal X-axis represent, and what does the vertical Y-axis represent? - answer- Calculate the frequency of the soundwave with the period of 6.5 ms. - answer- Calcu...

A constriction in the vocal tract produced closer to the lips than the larynx is said to be - answer-upstream A downstream constriction is - answer-located closer to the mouth A synonym for suprasegmental features is___ - answer-prosody A velar pinch is a coming together of - answer- Acoustically, approximates are ___from vowels - answer-similar Affricates are produced as a combination of a ___ and a ___ - answer-plosive, fricative All nasals are - answer-voiced Alveolar and...

- answer-NEUROLOGICAL FACTORS muscle contraction is inherently unsmooth individual motor neurons 'take turns' firing overall contraction is the net effect of many miniscule twitches vocal fold tension is not perfectly static _________ jitter/shimmer values would be associated with a "better" quaity of voice and _________ jitter/shimmer values would be associated with a very rough/hoarse voice. - answer-Low High "You cannot understand a disorder unless you know...

A home stereo is actually a _________________. - answer-transducer--it converts electrical energy to acoustic energy A microphone is a transducer converting energy from one form, _____________, to another form, ____________________. - answer-sound pressure waves, electrical signal Acoustic Phonetics - answer-Measures of speech production you can get from microphone recordings and what they can tell us about the way the larynx was operating and the way the articulators were moving Acoust...

3D spectrogram - answer-hybrid display (not a time or frequency display) because it is a combination of time and frequency. a) Shows us how the strength and its range of frequencies is changing or evolving over time from left to right along the x-axis. b) Shows frequency changes over time and changes in amplitude of frequency components whether they are weak or strong. 3D spectrogram features. (what are the 3 dimensions) - answer-Time Frequency Intensity 4 features of scientific method -...

affricates - answer-shorter than fricative, longer then stop C to V transition - answer-F1 will increase Difference of pressure from below and above the larynx (pressure below-pressure above) - answer-Transglottal pressure duration of a CV transition - answer-about 50ms fricatives - answer-longer than stops How can we compute an estimate of laryngeal resistance - answer-Measuring the flow with a pnuemotach mask by estimating the subglottic pressure during the closure for "p...

A coordinative structure is - answer-a group of muscles that works together to achieve an articulatory goal A formant is most like which type of filter? - answer-band pass A low pass filter - answer-blocks high frequencies A reduced vowel quality applies to - answer-central vowels A simple, low tech tool for a doctor to view a person's larynx is - answer-a laryngeal mirror A single vertical line on a line spectrum would represent - answer-a sine wave An electroglottograph re...

Scientific Method - answer-empirical, deterministic, predictive, parsimonious Empirical - answer-based on data Deterministic - answer-obeys physical laws Predictive - answer-If you do this, then this will happen Parsiminious - answer-uses the simplest explanation possible Why use technology? - answer-overcome listener bias, describe severity objectively, track progress over time, ASHA's focus on evidence-based practice, provide biofeedback to patient How to overcome listener...

1000, 5000, lowest, highest - answer-hearing is more sensitive at some frequencies -lowest thresholds are from _______ to _______ Hz -thresholds are much higher for ______ and for ______ frequency sounds 12, nonlinear, bigger - answer-there are _______ semitones in 1 octave -each semitone is a _________ step- each step upward is _______ than the last (about 5.9%) -no semitones are physically identical in Hz, but they SOUND equal in step size, because our human perception of sound is nonli...

12 - answer-How many semitones are in one octave? 5.9% - answer-There are ________ more semitones in the octave before the last a refinement of everyday thinking - answer-What is science? Acoustic characteristics of burst aspiration - answer-Burst: on flow signal (waveform), shown as a peak with a drastically dropping pressure afterward on spectogram, shown as a black section (with an abrupt start after stop closure) Aspiration: may follow a voiceless stop -only when stop is followe...

A coordinative structure is - answer-a group of muscles that works together to achieve an articulatory goal A formant is most like which type of filter? - answer-band pass A low pass filter - answer-blocks high frequencies A power spectrum is a type of - answer-frequency domain plot A reduced vowel quality applies to - answer-central vowels A simple, low tech tool for a doctor to view a person's larynx is - answer-a laryngeal mirror A single vertical line on a line spectrum ...

_____ is the study of electrical activities in muscles. - answer-electromyography (EMG) ______ ________: single line on a spectrum ______ _______ ________: multiple lines on a spectrum - answer-sine wave, complex periodic signals _______ _________: filtering before digitizing which prevents i.e. using a low pass filter to prevent the higher frequencies from even reaching the digitized system so that they won't contaminate the lower frequency recording by being represented as an a...

A line spectrum is a _______ in time. - answer-snapshot A semitone is always 1/__th of an octave. - answer-1/12th As you lower tongue and jaw, you ______ F1 frequency. - answer-increase As you move tongue backward, (increase/decrease) F2 frequency. - answer-decrease As you move tongue forward, (increase/decrease) F2 frequency. - answer-increase As you raise tongue and jaw, you ______ F1 frequency. - answer-decrease Do we need language competence to perceive phonetic differences...

A line spectrum is a _______ in time. - answer-snapshot A semitone is always 1/__th of an octave. - answer-1/12th As you lower tongue and jaw, you ______ f1 frequency. - answer-increase As you move tongue backward, (increase/decrease) f2 frequency. - answer-decrease As you move tongue forward, (increase/decrease) f2 frequency. - answer-increase As you raise tongue and jaw, you ______ f1 frequency. - answer-decrease Do we need language competence to perceive phonetic differences...

Can jitter and shimmer co-occur? - answer-yes; you won't find one without the other How do waveforms differ as frequency goes up or down? - answer-higher frequency wavelengths appear closer together with more frequency over a period of time than lower frequencies How does a complex periodic sound change when the fundamental is removed or muted? - answer-when removed, the timbre (quality) differs, but the pitch is perceived as the same How does intensity change with distance? - answer...

4 Features of the scientific method - answer-1. Empirical - based on data 2. Deterministic - obeys physical laws (not random) 3. Predictive - if you do this ... then that will happen 4. Parsimonious - use the simplest explanation possible a low pass filter - answer-blocks high frequencies a simple, low tech tool for a doctor to view a person's larynx is - answer-a laryngeal mirror a single vertical line on a line spectrum would represent - answer-a sine wave amplitude vary in - an...

Exam (elaborations) CAPA practice questions form 1 2 Exam (elaborations) CAPA REVIEW 1 3 Exam (elaborations) CAPA action plan implementation - answer-procedure identification - answer-define the problem implementation - answer-execute the action plan investigation - answer-make a plan to research the problem preventive action - answer-fully inco