Sofiahardesty

Defines photosynthesis and explains key processes. Defines pigments, the chloroplast, and photosystems. Explains light dependent reactions, non cyclic photophosphorylation, cyclic photophosphorylation, the calvin cycle, photorespiration, and types of photosynthesis.

Provides a study guide for the process of cellular respiration, with explanations and key concepts of glycolysis, mitochondria structure, the Kreb's cycle, the electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis, and fermentation (alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation).

Explains Mendellian genetics, including Mendel's laws of heredity. Explains non-Mendellian genetics, types of dominance, and describes genetic interactions like pleiotropy and polygenetic inheritance. Defines key AP understandings and extensions to Mendel.

Provides an overview of heredity concepts, including Mendellian and non-Mendellian genetics, the concept of multiple alleles, exceptions to Mendel, genes and the environment, linked genes, sex-linkage, crossover, recombination frequencies, the pedigree, x-inactivation, mutations, and nondisjunction.

Overviews important concepts related to the cell, including AP key ideas. Describes prokaryotes, cell organelles, cell transport, passive transport, and active transport, as well as describes the phases of cell communication and mechanisms of cell communication. explains cell communication/response, and defines reasons why apoptosis (cell death) occurs. Describes key ideas in the evolution of eukaryotic cells.

Defines energy, metabolism, and enzymes, detailing important AP concepts to review for the exam. explains types of energy and important scientific laws, characteristics of enzymes and examples, competitive inhibition and noncompetitive inhibition of enzymes.

Provides definitions of mitosis and meiosis, defines key vocabulary, and overviews cell division. Explains steps of mitosis and meiosis, defines cancerous cells, and details checkpoints of cell division.

provides definitions of isotopes, bonding, hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances, defines buffers and isomers and provides examples, explains major groups of organic compounds *carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, amino acids. Defines amino acid r-groups, primary secondary and tertiary structures, and describes nucleic acids and functional groups.

Provides a general overview and definition of meiosis, including a description of each phase of cell division, male versus female meiosis, and errors in meiosis. Includes definition of independent assortment and genetic variation, as well as 3 major reasons for variation. Provides key AP understandings necessary for AP examination.

Includes study guides for plant phylogenetics, comparison and contrast of important kingdoms, and class notes on arthropods