Academicmaterials

fundamental attribution error - ️️tendency to overemphasize internal explanations for the behaviors of others, while failing to consider the power of the situation. don't way into account the external factors that may cause an individual to act a certain way, assume the error was due to decisions made by the individual People's behaviors are based on - ️️their perception of what reality is, not reality itself. first impression - ️️formed within the first four minutes of m...

extrinsic motivation - ️️a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards (pay, praise, status) or avoid threatened punishment (demotion, public humiliation, being fired) OB Mod (Organizational Behavior Modification) & its 5 steps - ️️A systematic application of reinforcement theory to modify employee behaviors in the workplace. 1. Identify behavior to be learned 2. Measure frequency of behavior 3. Motivational analysis: Identify consequences of behavior 4. Develop & im...

The job characteristics model's primary focus is identifying which job characteristics contribute to - ️️intrinsically motivating work Regis Marruchi's house hunting for a house that primarily will impress his neighbors and colleagues and that he hopes they will view as a sign that he has "made it big." Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory would classify Regis's house hunting as being motivated by __________ - ️️Esteem needs The three major factors in expectancy the...

What does a Driver prefer? - ️️Be fast-paced, get to the point quickly Start with business, give the bottom line Use facts, not feelings Be clear, concise, and brief Don't waste time, Offer options with brief supporting data What does Amiable prefer? - ️️Be relaxed, moderately paced, Actively listen, Get to know us, Show personal interest, Ask for our input/reaction What are the typical barriers to effective communication? - ️️Filtering, overload, timing, channel misusage, p...

Heuristic performance model - ️️Performance = motivation; energy * direction; how energy is channelled * opportunity and resources +/- luck (some luck that you can help shape by what you do/don't, other is pure chance) o How motivated are they? o Do they have the knowledge, skills, abilities? o How much opportunity and resources do they have? Negative reinforcement (law of effect) - ️️Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. A negative reinf...

Scarcity - ️️Things that are hard to obtain are viewed as more valuable. We use availability as a cue, less = better. We don't want to miss out on an opportunity (FOMO). Difficulty (including price) as a heuristic value signal We want what we may not be able to get reactance Often overlaps with social proof (if everyone doing it it must be good) Ex: only 3 items left, expires today, limited edition Before negotiation - ️️-Be prepared mentally by having done your homework. -Dete...

Interest Group - ️️An informal work group consisting of people who come together because they have a common goal or objective related to their organizational membership - Often formed to voice concerns and can be an impetus for needed organizational changes Group Size - ️️A characteristic of work groups - Smaller groups: members are likely to know one another and interact regularly, easier to share information, recognize individual contribution to group, and identify with group...

Escalation is less likely to occur when there are ______, overwhelming justification to discontinue and no clear blame can be assigned for initial decision - ️️limited resources a process that begins when one party perceives that another party has negatively affected, or is about to negatively affect, something the first party cares about - ️️conflict advantages of what? o Pooling of resource info o Different perspectives o Specialize labor o Decision acceptance - ️️group d...

1. What do networks affect? (lecture/section) - ️️Getting a job Promotions Salary and bonus Managerial effectiveness Innovation and knowledge transfer Learning and developmental opportunities Key career transitions Quality of work life General health and wellbeing 2. What was the main point of the Heidi Roizen case? (lecture/section/case) - ️️Use your "strong ties" to help break into new circles Ask for referrals, introductions Create links across sectors of your networ...

Non-Compete Agreeement - ️️if you sign (in exchange for benefits) you agree to not compete for a period of time after the relationship ends (reasonable to duration, region, type of business) - illegal in California - strict legality in N Dakota; being sued over violating rights to make a livelihood Speluncean Explorers Hypothetical Ethics Case - ️️Truepenny: affirmed lower court of finding them guilty, wants Executive branch to pardon them Foster: reverse law, law of nature, peopl...

Renunciation of Authority - ️️The act by which a person abandons a right acquired without transferring it to another. Power of Attorney - ️️An instrument by which one person appoints another as his agent and confers upon him the authority to perform certain specified acts on behalf of the principal. Power revoked at death. Actual Authority - ️️Authority an agent actually possesses. Maybe expressed or implied. Agency - ️️Relations in which one person, the agent, acts on beh...

Courts of Equity - ️️Issued decrees/injunctions to provide relief where monetary judgments were inadequate; utilized general legal principles (maxims) to guide decisionmaking. Equitable remedies include those such as specific performance (a court ordering performance) of a contract. What are the sources of law? - ️️1) Constitutions 2) Legislation 3) Judicial Decisions (case law and common law doctrines) 4) Administrative Law (statutory laws that grant power to administrative agenc...

Trial Stage - ️️Plaintiff, Defendant, Third Party Defendant Appeal Stage - ️️Appellant, Appellee Litigation: Standing to Sue - ️️-Plaintiff must have been or will be directly and personally injured by the Defendant's action -There must be some threatened or actual injury resulting from the Defendant's action. -Generalized Grievances -Class Action Suits Generalized Grievances - ️️harm alone does not typically grant standing to sue! EXAMPLE: Taxpayer files suit challe...

Trademark: Secondary Meaning - ️️Descriptive terms, geographic terms, and personal names are not inherently distinctive and do not receive protection under the law until they acquire a secondary meaning. Examples: London Fog, Johnny Football Example: Paris can't be protected, but Lancome Paris can be. To be protected under federal trademark law, - ️️a trademark must be registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The trademark can be registered 1) if it is cur...

Acts which are wrongful in themselves and prohibited by almost all civilizations are classified as ______________crimes. - ️️Malum in se The first of the pleadings in a civil case is filed by the plaintiff and contains the allegations he is making against the defendant. This document is called the_________. - ️️Complaint Res judicata is best defined as - ️️A controversy that has been litigated and forever settled between the parties Today, scholars argue the role of the corpor...

The federal government and state governments have separate and distinct powers. This arrangement constitutes an __________ separation of powers. - ️️Vertical Deductive reasoning requires one to ________. - ️️Use major and minor premises to draw logical conclusions. Assume that the Vermont legislature passed a bill prohibiting the sale within the state of detergents containing certain chemicals harmful to the environment. Assume further that the governor signed the bill into law. Th...

State Jurisdiction - ️️-Anything not covered under federal law or diversity -E.g. contracts, torts, real property(real estate and moveable property) Federal Jurisdiction - ️️-Diversity: The Federal district courts have all original jurisdiction of all civil actions where the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000, exclusive of interest and costs -Over Federal Issues Public Law - ️️Constitutional Administrative Criminal Private Law - ️️-Between individu...

What is the provision of the tax rule that makes income taxable only for the individuals who receive it, and not for the business entity that produces it? Double taxation Pass through Dividend retention Income averaging - ️️Pass Through Which of the following is NOT one of the recognized disadvantages of doing business as a corporation? A corporation must comply with a great number of state and federal regulations. Corporate profits are subject to double taxation. A corporation mus...

Statutory Interpretation Rules: - ️️-Examine Legislative History -Utilize Rules of Construction -Plain Meaning Rule -Lex Specialis Derogat Legi Generali Courts of Equity - ️️Issues decrees/injunctions to provide relief where monetary judgements were inadequate; utilized general legal principles (maxims) to guide decisionmaking. Equitable remedies include those such as specific performance (a court ordering performance) of a contract. Three types of Law - ️️Legislative laws, j...

Illusory - ️️Must be some restriction on the promiser's ability to avoid the promise - If partially within control of either party, promise is not illusory if there are duties implied on the promisor or the condition is met Ted told Bob, the owner of Bob's Travel Agency that, unless Bob bought 10,000 worth of advertising from him, Ted will circulate false stories in the community that Bob had stolen clients' deposits. No one would be willing to book tours through Bob or make d...