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A new era of biology began in 1859 when Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species, which focused on the - Answer great diversity of organisms Evolution can be defined by Darwin's phrase - Answer descent with modification Evolution can be viewed as both a - Answer pattern and a process Darwin's ideas had - Answer deep historical roots The Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed species as fixed and - Answer arranged them on a scala naturae The Ol...

What is not a good support of evolution? - Answer Fossils Who placed fossils in an evolutionary context? - Answer Lamarck ________ traits can be passed along to the next generation - Answer Acquired Adaptation by _________, not by individual - Answer Population Survival is not usually random, but is largely dependent upon heritable traits - Answer Survival of the Fittest __________ picks the phenotypes that will survive - Answer Nature The re...

evolution - Answer descent with modification; change over time changes in evolution - Answer a change in the frequency of the alleles of a population -mutation which favors one allele over another -mutation which creates a new allele that is favored time in evolution - Answer several generations for the organism -for bacteria --> a day or two could be plenty -for humans --> may be 200-300 years Charles Darwin - Answer first "convincing" case of ev...

True or False: FOSSILS were used to SUPPORT evolution - Answer False Who placed fossils in an evolutionary context? - Answer Lamarck Lamarck's mechanism of change principle states that _______ traits can be passed along to the next generation - Answer Acquired Darwin's book about natural selection states that adaptation occurs by __________ - Answer Population Darwin defined this as not random, and largely dependent on heritable traits - Answer Sur...

circulation basics - Answer - Right heart pumps to lungs (blood is low in oxygen- blue) - Lungs add oxygen - Left heart pumps to body (blood is high in oxygen- red) - Body uses oxygen - Repeat open CS - Answer Blood pumped from vessels to open cavity and then back again closed CS - Answer -blood and interstitial fluid are physically separated >>differ in components and chemical composition -larger, more active animals need a higher pressure to pump blood to al...

Plants must always compromise between _____ and _____. - Answer maximizing photosynthesis ... minimizing water loss A plant leaf is constructed from a variety of cell types with specialized structures and functions. Many of the properties of leaf cells facilitate some aspect of water transport. The diagram below shows a cross section through a leaf. Drag the labels to the appropriate targets to match the function with the structure indicated in the diagram. Labels may be used once,...

Which of these characteristics is shared by algae and seed plants? - Answer chloroplasts The closest algal relatives of land plants are _____. - Answer charophytes Label the structures on this diagram of a moss. - Answer a. sporophyte b. seta c. sporangium d. foot e. gametophyte f. rhizoid Arrange the events in the life cycle of mosses in the flowchart below. - Answer 1. Mature sporophytes produce haploid spores, dispersed by the wind. 2. Separate spo...

Who created the first "convincing" case of evolution? - Answer Charles Darwin the transformation of the lifeforms on earth over time - Answer evolution Darwin's specific "term" that summarized the concept of evolution, generational change over time - Answer descent with modification Is evolution linear? (Hint: think of it in terms of humans and chimpanzees) - Answer No; when many people think of evolution, they think of it in terms of progressing t...

nutrients - Answer the "materials" needed for life nutrition in all organisms - Answer -acquisition of nutrients -digestion, if required (breaking down to monomers in order to distribute) -distribution of the nutrients throughout the body -synthesis of molecules for the organism's body how plants get their nutrients - Answer starting material: elements and small molecules digestion: usually none distribution: driven by osmosis and evaporation (high energy ap...

- No longer require water - Gametophyte greatly reduced - Seeds replace spores - Heterosporous - Answer Characteristics of seeded plants What allowed seeded vascular plants to break their ties to water? - Answer Ability of pollen to be dispersed by wind or animals What gives rise to the female gametophyte? - Answer Megaspores What gives rise to the male gametophyte? - Answer Microspores What is the outer layer of the ovule? - Answer Integument Is ...

Non vascular plants are also known as ___________________. - Answer bryophytes Vascular plants are also known as _______________________. - Answer tracheophytes What are the three subdivisions of the non vascular plants? - Answer liverworts, hornworts, mosses What are the advantages of plant evolution onto land? - Answer unfiltered sunlight, more CO2, higher concentration of nutrients, few herbivores/pathogens, greater opportunity for adaptive radiation What a...

early atmosphere had... - Answer hydrogen, methane, other hydrocarbons and ammonia systematics - Answer - the analytical study of the diversity and relationships of organisms, both present day and extinct - organizing or grouping things taxonomy - Answer - the branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life binomial nomenclature - Answer - developed by Linnaeus as the foundation for modern classification - the two lowest catego...

Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which natural selection is based? a) There is heritable variation among individuals. b) Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring. c) Species produce more offspring than the environment can support. d) Only a fraction of an individual's offspring may survive. - Answer poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring DNA sequences in many human genes are very similar to the sequences of corresponding genes i...

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Gluconeogenesis - Answer Process in which new glucose molecules are synthesized from proteins and fats. Carried out by liver. Metabolic Rate - Answer The amount of energy (heat+work) released per unit time Muscular activity, age, gender, body surface area, environmental temperature - Answer What is your metabolic rate influenced by? (5 things) Mechanical work - Answer Type of work involving the use of proteins to generate movement (muscles, cilia) Chemical wor...

Kidneys - Answer main functions: -primarily responsible for maintaining stability of ECF volume, electrolyte composition, and osmolarity -main route for eliminating potentially toxic metabolic wastes and foreign compounds from the body main organs of urinary system goal: to make perfect blood, not worried about urine Kidney Functions - Answer maintain H2O balance in the body maintain proper osmolarity of body fluids, primarily through regulating H2O balance regulate the quan...

PHYSIOLOGY IS TO ANATOMY AS: - Answer FUNCTION IS TO STRUCTURE WHICH TISSUE TYPE IS SPECIALIZED FOR SENDING AND RECEIVING INFORMATION? - Answer NERVOUS UPON EXAMINING AN UNKNOWN TISSUE SPECIMEN, YOU DISCOVER THAT THE TISSUE HAS VERY FEW CELLS AND CONSISTS MOSTLY OF EXTRACELLULAR MATERIAL. THE TISSUE TYPE IS MOST LIKELY: - Answer CONNECTIVE MEASURING THYROXINE LEVELS IN THE BLOOD IS AN INDICATOR OF THYROID GLAND ACTIVITY. THE THYROID GLAND IS AN EXAMPLE OF _____ GLAND -...

Levels of Organization - Answer Molecules -> Cells -> Tissue -> Organs -> Organ Systems The four major cell/ tissue types - Answer Neurons, Muscle, Epithelial, Connective Endocrine gland - Answer Secrete molecules (hormones) directly into the blood stream Exocrine gland - Answer Utilize a duct. secrete molecules into a body cavity, or to the exterior of the body. i.e. stomach, salivary, sweat glands. Neurons - Answer Specialized for sending a...

ureters are surrounded by ___ muscle - Answer smooth the urethra is longer in __ - Answer men the dominant vascular component of the nephron is: - Answer I missed this what percentage of plasma passes through the glomerulus unfiltered? - Answer 80% transport across the ___ requires energy - Answer basolateral membrane reabsorption of urea at the end of the proximal tubule is - Answer passive Na+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule is: - Answe...

Test Questions - Answer Exam 3 Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential - Answer MP -70 to -90 What occurs during temporal summation? - Answer A single cell sends signals to sub-threshold that are close enough in space and time to reach threshold Benefit of action potentials over graded potentials - Answer Travel great distances without getting smaller Cells permeability to sodium is highest during - Answer Rising phase Why does the rising phase happen befor...