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What are the 4 modalities used in the treatment of cancer? correct answers1) Radiation 2) Chemotherapy 3) Immunomodulation 4) Surgery Radiation is one of the modalities used in the treatment of cancer. Is radiation a localized or systemic therapy? correct answersLocalized therapy! Chemotherapy is one of the modalities used in the treatment of cancer. Is Chemotherapy a localized or systemic therapy? correct answersSystemic therapy! Immunomodulation is one of the modalities used in the...

Can youn define cancer/neoplasia? (Think growth) correct answersA malignant, invasive disease in which cells become abnormal and divide uncontrollably. May spread throughout body, What is the difference between benign and malignant? (Think location) correct answersA benign tumor remain in one location, single, well-defined mass surrounded by capsule, and may be surrounded by connective tissue. Cell division is more rapid than normal, cell structure and function is slightly abnormal. A mali...

When chemo is given after a surgery to kill any cancer cells that may still be present, it is called : correct answersAdjuvant therapy Treatment aimed at cancer cells that cannot be detected, but are thought to exist because of the stage or type of cancer. It is given after surgery. When chemo is used to shrink a tumor before surgery or radiation therapy, it is called: correct answersNeoadjuvant therapy Orally or PO chemo correct answersYou swallow drug as a pill or capsule. Convenient ...

Adjuvant correct answersAdditional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to suppress secondary tumors Asthenic correct answersThin and/or weak-appearing Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) correct answersa.k.a. "Stroke". Lack of blood supply to the brain causing brain damage Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) correct answersA blood clot in a deep vein, most often an extremity Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) or Intraductal Carcinoma correct answersCells found in the lining of a ...

The nurse is caring for a pt who is scheduled for a biopsy of a tumor. The pt asks what distinguished a benign tumor from a malignant tumor. Which info should the nurse provide? A. Benign tumors are usually composed of more rapidly growing cells B. Benign tumors are incapable of causing damage to surrounding tissues or organs C. Whereas malignant tumors are usually encapsulated, benign tumors lack specific form D. Malignant tumors are composed of disorganized, abnormal cells that may sprea...

A 45-year-old woman comes into the health clinic for her annual check-up. She mentions to the nurse that she has noticed dimpling of the right breast that has occurred in a few months. What assessment would be most appropriate for the nurse to make? correct answersPalpate the area for a breast mass. It would be most important for the nurse to palpate the breast to determine the presence of a mass and to refer the patient to her primary care provider. Edema and pitting of the skin may resul...

An oncology nurse is contributing to the care of a patient who has failed to respond appreciably to conventional cancer treatments. As a result, the care team is considering the possible use of biologic response modifiers (BRFs). The nurse should know that these achieve a therapeutic effect by what means? correct answersAltering the immunologic relationship between the tumor and the patient A patient with a diagnosis of gastric cancer has been unable to tolerate oral food and fluid intake and...

A patient who is scheduled for a right breast biopsy asks the nurse the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor. Which answer by the nurse is correct? a. "Benign tumors do not cause damage to other tissues." b. "Benign tumors are likely to recur in the same location." c. "Malignant tumors may spread to other tissues or organs." d. "Malignant cells reproduce more rapidly than normal cells." correct answersANS: C The major difference between benign and ...

The nurse is teaching a wellness class to a group of women at their workplace. The nurse knows that which woman is at highest risk for developing cancer? A. A woman who obtains regular cancer screenings and consumes a high-fiber diet B. A woman who has a body mass index of 35 kg/m2 and smoked cigarettes for 20 years C. A woman who exercises five times every week and does not consume alcoholic beverages D. A woman who limits fat consumption and has regular mammography and Pap screenings corre...

What is neoplasia? correct answersnew, uncontrolled growth of cells that is not under physiologic control; can be classified as benign or malignant What are the general characteristics of a benign tumor? correct answers-small -slow-growing -non-invasive -well-differentiated -stay localized (can't invade/metastasize) What are the general characteristics of a malignant tumor? correct answers- large - fast-growing - invasive - poorly differentiated - metastasizes: infiltrates, inva...

Benign correct answersnot cancerous but abnormal Benign Neoplasm correct answers-Composed of ells that resemble tissue of origin - they're usually encapsulated -grow very slowly only by expansion -Do not recur or metastasize -Do not destroy surrounding tissue -Do not cause systemic symptoms They don't spread to other parts of the body, but they can grow Cancer cells correct answersCells that are replicating at a very high rate and are very immature. Cachexia correct answe...

Which of the following is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of tumors or malignancies? 1. Gerontology 2. Gastroenterology 3. Oncology 4. Cardiology correct answers3. Oncology Which of the following are risk factors for cancer? Select all that apply. 1. Smoking 2. Genetics 3. Radiation Exposure 4. Viruses 5. Diet correct answers1. Smoking 2. Genetics 3. Radiation Exposure 4. Viruses 5. Diet The nurse is teaching a group of women abo...

Cancer/neoplasia correct answersuncontrolled growth of abnormal, useless cells oncology correct answersstudy of cancer tumor correct answersa benign or maignant mass hyperplasia correct answersincrease in number of cells dysplasia correct answersgeneral disorganization of cells metaplasia correct answerschange from one cell type to another; early sign of cancer anaplasia correct answerscomplete undifferentiation of cells, always malignant stem cells and progenitor cells corr...

What to add to an order for etopocide (Vepesid)? correct answersNotify for BP <100 - drug causes hypotension What are some manifestations of right sided colon tumor? correct answers- Obstructive sx - Iron deficiency anemia - Rectal fullness - Hematochezia - Wt loss What do you do with postmenopausal women w/intermittent bleeding? correct answers- Pelvic exam - Pelvic US - Endometrial bx if lining is >4mm - Poss CA125 What to do when colonoscopy reveals familial adenomatous ...

Amifostine correct answersProtects lungs from pneumonitis/radiation protective. Radioprotector. Prevenge correct answersVaccine that boosts immune response to cancer cells. For metastatic prostate ca. Alkylating agents correct answersDamage DNA to prevent ca cells from reproducing. Not phase specific. Use to tx: leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkins, MM, sarcoma, lung, breast &a ovary. I.e. Nitrogen mustard, cyclophos., nitrosoureas, Dacarbazine. Antimetabolites correct answersInterfere with DNA...

Screening Test correct answersTest used to detect cancer (or other diseases) at an earlier, easier to treat stage Can be a blood test, imaging or tissue sampling Prevalence correct answersThe probability of a disease in a population at a certain time Sensitivity correct answersScreening tests should be high in this, meaning most of the time if a person has the disease, the test will be positive The ability of a test to give a true-positive result Specificity correct answersIf the test...

Field size is defined by which dose line correct answers50% line The 50% line is also known as correct answersFull Width Half Maximum The light field corresponds to which dose line correct answers50% Line For SSD calibration, the field size is defined _____ correct answersOn the Skin For SAD calibration, the field size is defined ____ correct answersAt Depth Edge Effect is also known as correct answersLateral Tissue Damage Edge effect is more severe with correct answersLower en...

Select the statement that is false regarding mutations developing into cancer: a. Most cancers require a series of several mutagenic events to take place b. The hypothesis is that a minimum of 4 processes need to occur c. An oncogene needs to be activated d. A tumor suppressor gene needs to be deactivated correct answersb. The hypothesis is that a minimum of 4 processes need to occur Adenocarcinoma of the lung is the most common among non-smokers. a. True b. False correct answersa. True...

In phase 1 clinical trials for chemo who is the patient population and what is the goal? correct answersPopulation: cancer pts (any cancer) not responding to standard treatment Goal: assess toxicity (NOT efficacy) What is the NCI toxicity scale used in phase 1 trials? correct answersGrade 0= no toxicity Grade 5= death Who is the patient population and what is evaluated in phase 2 chemo trials? correct answersPopulation: have that specific cancer and no co existing disease Evaluating: ef...

Febrile neutropenia is considered as an oncologic _____________ correct answersemergency! If pt needs ABX for febrile neutropenia, how soon should you administer the ABX? correct answers≤ 2 hours What are the fever criteria for febrile neutropenia? correct answers→ ≥ 38.3 C (101 F) or → ≥ 38.0 C (100.4 F) x 1 hour To be considered as neutropenic, pt must have ANC of ___________ correct answersANC ≤ 500 cells/mm³ OR ANC ≤ 1000 cells/mm³ + predicted decline to...