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vascular - afferent arterials, mouth of capsule, efferent arterial, peritublar capillaries Aldosterone - act on kidneys to reabsorb sodium and water ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone) - urine containing hormone ANH from atrium - responds to increase in stretch, secretes ANH to kidneys, secretes sodium & water, decreases blood volume/stretch. babies - over 70 bladder - elastic muscular organ that stores & contracts to expel urine bladder is made up of - transitional epithelium calyx of kidn...

what are the building blocks of lipids? - fatty acids and glycerol what are the building blocks of nucleic acids? - Nucleotides What are the building blocks of proteins? - amino acids What are the four phases of mitosis? - prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase what are the most common types of extracellular fluid? - sodium and chloride what are the smallest micro organisms that are acellular? - virus What are the two parts of the diencephalon? - Thalmus and Hypothalmus what carry motor...

How many cranial nerves are responsible for eye movement and what are they - 3 they are Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI (3,4,6) The action of acetylcholine is quickly terminated by its being hydrolyzed by the enzyme - acetylcholinesterase. Adrenergic fibers release - norepinephrine = adrenaline Afferent - Afferent neurons are sensory neurons that carry nerve impulses from sensory stimuli towards the central nervous system and brain Cholinergic fibers release - acetylcholine (ACh) cranial ...

metabolism - each characteristic of life is related to the sum total of all the physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body Anatomical position - body is erect, posture, with the arms at the sides and palms turned forward, head and feet are forward. 3 types of chemical reactions - 1.Synthesis reactions 2. Decomposition reactions 3. Exchange reactions 4 basic components of every feedback control loop - sensor mechanism integrator or control center effector mechanism feedback ...

Hondros 172 Bundled Exams Updated 2024/2025 with complete solutions

Common drug that relates to fluid volume - Furosemide ADPIE - Nursing Process - Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation autonomy - Have right to self benefiicence - - Aiming to benefit others; doing good Calcium - 8.5-10 Calcium - 99% in bones and teeth 1% in bloodstream, bound to protien PTH (Parathyroid hormone) helps regulate calcium in the body and acquired through dietary intake Causes of hypercalcemia - malignancy hyperparathyroidism Excessive calcium intake ...

ABGs - pH: 7.35-7.45 CO2: 35-45 HCO3: 22-26 autonomy - independence benficence - doing good BUN - 10-20 mg/dL Calcium lab value - 8.5-10.5 Causes of FVD - Fluid loss: vomiting, diarrhea, burns, hemorrhage Fever, tachypnea, NPO Causes of FVE - Heart Failure Renal Failure Sodium Excess fluid intake CHF patients - Hypertonic Creatinine lab values - 0.6-1.3 Decrease complications for pt getting IV therapy - RightsMonitor pt Verify allergies Evidence based guide lines Dehydration As...

Can LPN stop blood if there is a complication? - Yes Pt on anticoagulants what do you avoid when inserting an IV? - Tourniquet, use a Bp cuff Bacterial phlebitis - Not maintaining aseptic technique BSI symptoms - Fever Chills Malaise Hypotension Cold sweat Tachycardia Tachypnea (labor respiration's) Evidence of decreased profusion Change in mental status Hypoxia-under 90 Elevated lactate levels Diminished urine output Elevated WBC BSI treatment - Report immediately Blood cultur...

thrombophlebitis - inflammation of a vein with clot formation Lorazepam (Ativan) - status epilepticus, sedation, alcoholic, anxiety, hypotension DON'T GIVE IF PREGNANT RISK 4 ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION Co2(respiratory) is compensating - Lungs wash hands for at least - 20 seconds Airborne precautions - TB, measles, varicella Put pt in single pt room Negative pressure room N 95 mask, hepa Antidote for Coumadin - Vit k Central Line Bundle - - Hand hygiene prior to catheter insertion - Ste...

A _____ is a fluid in which a substance is dissolved - Solvent A _______ is a combination of solute and solvent - Solution Another type of lipid in the cell membrane is ______ that makes the membrane more fluid. - cholesterol Attracts water - phosphate heads condition plant cells require (Iso, Hyper, Hypo) - Isotonic condition that animal cells require (Iso, Hyper, Hypo) - Isotonic Embedded in the phospholipid bilayer are ______ that also aid in diffusion and in cell recognition. - prote...

National patient safety goals - Identify patient correctly (name and DOB) Use medications safely (rights) Prevent infections Improve staff communication Identify patient safety risk to suicide Prevent mistakes in surgery amino acids - tissue repair muscle growing wound healing Back check valve - under chamber above first port, allows fluid to flow ONE WAY, doesn't back into other solution. Calculations - mL/hr → IV pump Infusion time in hr Total mL/time in hour carbohydrates - s...

Who should not receive hypotonic solution - Someone who already has low blood pressure Malpractice (MUST BE ALL 4) - Duty Breach of duty Harm/injury Causation Lactated Ringer's Solution - Solution contains potassium, sodium, dextrose, chloride, lactate Not compatible because dextrose can burn pt Albumin - Natural plasma protein Volume expanded 20-25% hypertonic, can cause FVO Augmentin - Make sure kidneys are working Benefience - doing good to all patients Ex: hand washing Can take...

How is Respiratory Alkalosis treated? - Non re-breather mask, breath into a paper bag A nurse has difficulty withdrawing blood from a central tunneled catheter but is able to infuse fluids through the line. The nurse should anticipate that this difficulty is most likely due to - formation of a fibrin sheath A nurse is assessing a pts peripheral IV site and notices redness, warm to touch, swelling and the infusion rate has slowed what is the first action taken by the nurse? - Remove the IV c...

How often do you monitor the IV site if a vesicant is infusing - Q 1-2 hours A 20 G needle is _______ in diameter than an 18 G - smaller A blue catheter is what size - 22 G A gray catheter is what size - 16g A green catheter is what size - 18G A nurse may only attempt an IV how many times - Twice A Pink catheter is what size - 20G Actions for LPN when there is a complication with PCA - Stop PCA, Assess breathing, assist with breathing & O2 & ambu bag, Notify RN & MD, Admin Narcan only IM...

True or False: LPN can give push IV medications? - False Toradol Side Effects - bone marrow suppression low platelet count BUN - 10-20 Calcium - 8.5-10.5 Can a patient with a peripheral nerve catheter shower? - No Can LPN give antibiotics to adults? - Yes Common side effects of morphine to be concerned about - Decreased blood pressure Creatinine - 0.6-1.2 Examples of analgesics are - Morphine, diluadid Glucose - 70-100 Hemoglobin - 12-18 How do you prepare the hub of a saline lock? ...

Central line dressing change - A-Septic (sterile stays sterile, clean stays clean) (Sterile) Can we initiate blood? - Not initiate, but we can verify things and stop the blood if we suspect a reation to it. (SATA) One of your peers is reviewing IV law and make 2 incorrect statements - LPN can stick upper arm only if they cannot stick the lower bag, can hang 2nd bag of anti-infective 3 isotonics - NS, D5W, LR 3 Things to remember when placing IV? - Situation, veins, drug going into vein 65...

What is the maximum speed limit for motorbuses at night on numbered US and state highways. - 65mph What are the height limits between which reflectors must be mounted? - No less than 24" - No more than 60" Clearance lamps mounted on or near the rest of a vehicle must be what color? - Red Every trailer, semi-trailer, or pole-trailer must have how many reflectors on the rear? - 2 When towing another vehicle with a chain or cable, the flag attached to the chain or cable must be what color?...

The most a person ( age 21 or older) can be fined for a first conviction of driving while under the influence of intoxicating liquor with no death or injury accident involved is ? - $2,000 At night, a driver should dim headlights when an oncoming vehicle comes within how many feet? - 500 ft If you are being passed you should - Keep in your lane If you must walk on the highway you should ? - Walk on the left side in order to watch approaching vehicles If your allowed to turn left from eith...

If a child runs into the road 45-50 feet ahead of your car, what is the highest speed from which you can stop with good brakes without hitting him? - 15 mph Describe the types of equipment which Texas state law specifically forbids on passenger cars driven within the state. - You must not have... a. A red light showing from the front. b. A bell, siren, or exhaust whistle. c. A muffler cutout. d. Anything that extends more than three inches beyond the left At what time of day should your hea...

Headlights must be turned on - 30 mins after sunset Heavy _______________ use makes a driver less coordinated and at times more likely to be involved in a crash. - amphetamine A car on a two-lane street should always _______ to any cars passing on a multi-lane street. - yield A driver waiting to make a left turn when the traffic light turns green should: - turn only after there is no danger form oncoming vehicles A flashing red traffic light means: - stop, look, and yield before proceeding...