CCRN Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Heart rate x stroke volume =? -:- cardiac output Stroke volume is dependent on what three concepts? -:- preload, contractility, and after load PAOP is a measure of which ventricle? -:- left CVP and PAOP are a measure of preload or after load? -:- preload SVR measures which ventricle? -:- left PVR measures which ventricle? 2 | P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 4 / 2 0 2 5 Excel! 2 0 2 4 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain -:- right PVR and SVR ...

Heart rate (HR) -:- 60-100 beats/min Mean arterial pressure (MAP) -:- 70-105 mmHg Cardiac output (CO) -:- 4-5 L/min Cardiac index (CI) -:- 2.5-4.5 L/min/m2 Stroke volume (SV) -:- 50-100 ml/beat Stroke index (SI) 2 | P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 4 / 2 0 2 5 Excel! 2 0 2 4 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain -:- 35-60 ml/m2/beat Right arterial pressure (RAP) -:- 4-8 mmHg Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) -:- Systolic 15-30 mmHg Diastoli...

measure of the number of particles in a solution; expressed as milliosmoles -:- serum osmolality (osmolality of body fluids) what is the normal osmolality of body fluids? -:- 275-295 mOsm/kg (hypo-osmolar <275 hyper-osmolar >295) true or false: cell membranes are permeable to water, therefore serum osmo will affect the intracellular fluid (ICF) osmo -:- true note that serum sodium, BUN, and glucose each play a role in the calculation of serum osmolality. 2 | P a g e | G ...

A 52-year-old man returns to the hospital 2 weeks after being discharged from an admission for upper gastrointestinal bleed. He has been vomiting bright red blood for the past 24 hours. Laboratory parameters reveal a hemoglobin of 6 g/dL and a hematocrit of 20%. Vital signs are blood pressure 90/60 mm Hg; heart rate 120 beats/min and regular; and respiratory rate 22 breaths/min and shallow. He has received two units of red blood cells (RBCs) in the emergency department. The physician h...

A deformation is a(n) -:- abnormality caused by unusual mechanical forces on normal tissue. A low birth weight infant's temperature increases during skin-to-skin care. This is an example of heat transfer by -:- conduction. At the onset of labor the release of catecholamines stimulates -:- increased absorption of lung fluid. An edematous, bruised lesion on the right anterior scalp where the vacuum was applied. This lesion has clearly demarcated edges, is firm to touch, and does not ...

What are the 3 stages of shock? -:- 1. Compensatory 2. Progressive 3. Refractory/Irreversible Compensatory stage of shock -:- Shock symptoms start to set in, but blood pressure is MAINTAINED through the sympathetic nervous system response Symptoms of compensatory shock -:- Tachycardia Tachypnea Pale, cool skin Anxiety NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE 2 | P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 4 / 2 0 2 5 Excel! 2 0 2 4 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Ho...

Cardiogenic shock: A. BP 96/54, CI 1.8, PAP 54/26, PAOP 10 B. BP 84/52, CI 1.9, PAP 32/18, PAOP 12 C. BP 82/48, CI 1.8, PAP 48/28, PAOP 18 D. BP 86/46, CI 2.0, PAP 28/14, PAOP 12 -:- C. BP 82/48, CI 1.8, PAP 48/28, PAOP 18 Following anterior wall MI, pt develops dysfunction of papillary muscle of mitral valve. There are large V waves on PAOP waveform. What is likely the cause? A. aortic regurg B. acute pulmonic regurg C. acute tricuspid regurg D. acute mitral regurg -:- D. acute m...

Upon your assessment of your patient, who has pancreatitis, you find the following values: temp 37.1C, BP 98/64, HR 110, RR 28, SpO2 88% on 2L NC. Her labs are WBC 19,000, Hgb 8.9, HCT 39%, Na 144, K 3.1, Ca 7.7, and glucose 224. Your remaining assessment reveals LLL crackles of the lungs and her abdomen w/ Cullen's sign. Besides pancreatitis, what else do you think your patient may have? a) SIRS, hemorrhagic pancreatitis, MODs and needing fluids b) hemorrhagic shock, stress hyperglycem...

all cranial nerves arise from ____ except cranial nervers ____ and ____ which arise from ____ -:- the brain stem cranial nerves I and II above the brain stem blood supply to the brain includes the ___ and ___ -:- basal vertebral (supplies lower areas, brain stem) carotids (supply upper areas, L internal carotid is dominant for most people) frontal lobe function -:- personality, abstract thought, long-term memory temporal lobe function -:- hearing, sense of taste and smell, i...

S3 heard sound -:- fluid overload s4 heart sound -:- artium contract into noncompliant ventricle LV failure. A split heart sound is heard best during ___ -:- inspiration Mitral Insufficiency is a ___ murmur located at the ____ ICS -:- systolic 5th A patient with mitral insufficiency is prone to which of the following dysrhythmias? 2 | P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 4 / 2 0 2 5 Excel! 2 0 2 4 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain -:- A fibb Wha...