Biology 1404 Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

One possible results of chromosomal breakage is for a fragment to join a non-homologous chromosome. What is this alteration called? - -A translocation -Which of the following is true of linkage? - -The closer two genes are on a chromosome, the lower the probability that a crossover will occur between them -The chromosomal theory of inheritance explains what? - -Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment -If a deletion occurs on the Y chromosome that removes the SRY gene in...

matter - -anything that takes up space and has mass -elements - -any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances -atom - -the basic smallest unit of a matter that has all the chemical properties of an element -proton - -A positively charged particle that is part of an atom's nucleus. -neutron - -A small particle in the nucleus of the atom, with no electrical charge -electrons - -Negatively charged subatomic particles found in various energy levels (orbital shells...

Most likely, mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from: - -Bacteria -What three overlapping processes are involved in development? - -Growth, morphogenesis and differentiation ------ is a type of ground tissue composed of cells having tick, often lignified secondary cell walls. - -Sclerenchyma -A mature sieve element does NOT normally have: - -A nucleus -The function of companion cells is thought to be: - -Delivery of substances to sieve-tube elements -Trichomes are: - -Appendages...

what is a basic method of extration of DNA? - -1. cells are lysed using a detergent that disrupts plasma membrane 2. cells are treated with protease to destroy protein and RNAase to destroy RNA 3. cells are put in a centrifuge and the supernantant liquid is transferred to a clean tube 4. the DNA is precipitated with ethanol, it forms viscous strands -what is restriction endonucleases? what are they key to?what are Palindromes? - -a defense system for bacteria, it recognizes and cleave a sp...

-Homologus Isolation Fossils - -preserved remains of ancient organisms -Georgraphic Isolation - -Population of speices becomes seporated by a physical boreder (mountains, rivers, land, etc.) - -structures that have diffrent mature forms but develop from same embryonic tissue -Temporal - -Isolated by time (open flower in winter, open flower in spring) -James Hutton - -Geologist who said that the forces that shaped the Earth took place over long periods of time, so the Earth had to be ...

the white allele is recessive - -white flowering plants were not observed in the F1 generation following a cross of true breeding purple and white flowering plants in Mendels monohybrid cross experiment because -dipliod - -human somatic cells are -16 - -given 4 different charateristics assuming independent assortment how many different types of gamestes are possible -on the same chromosome - -if two genes are linked they are -dividing white blood cells - -which cell would be best to ...

Gene expression - -The process by which DNA directs protein synthesis and has two stages - transcription - translation -Transcription - -the synthesis of RNA using information in DNA - produces messenger RNA (mRNA) -Translation - -the synthesis of a polypeptide using information in the mRNA -Ribsosomes - -the sites of translation -Translation in prokaryotes - -translation of mRNA can begin before transcription has finished (coupled) -Transcription in eukaryotes - -transcripti...

Allelopathy - -The idea that plants can chemically influence each other -Thomas Chamberlin - -Danger of love, makes it easy to ignore competing facts if too attached to one idea -Frits Wents & James Bonner - -Cal tech scientists came up with allelopathy -Cornelius Muller - -Agreed with allelopathy. Hid results that disagreed with allelopathy, never published data on rabits -Bruce Bartholomew - -Sets up a paper about cows causing zones of no growth and believed allelopathy wasn't tru...

entire organism - -In unicellular organisms, division of one cell reproduces the __________. -Cell division - -_________ enables multicellular eukaryotes to develop from a single cell and, once fully grown, to renew, repair, or replace cells as needed. -Mitosis - -When does tissue repair occur? -Mitosis - -When does embryonic happen? -Mitosis - -When does development occur? -Mitosis - -When does tissue turnover (renewal) occur? -Meiosis - -When does reproduction occur? -Germ...

A nucleosome is formed by - -the winding of DNA around histone proteins -Fertilization results in - -a zygote, a diploid cell, and a cell with new genetic combinations -Adenylyl cyclase uses ___ as a substrate to synthesize ___ - -ATP; cAMP -Unpacking of chromosomes and the formation of a new nuclear envelope is a characteristic of which stage of mitosis? - -telophase -Activated steroid hormone receptors are also - -transcription factors -Which of the following chemical signaling ...