Clinical Immunology

A 25 year old patient presents with malaise, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. A blood test leads to the diagnosis of an EBV infection. Which of the following is likely the predominant white blood cell in this patient? A. basophil B. neutrophil C. macrophage D. T helper cell E. B cell F. cytotoxic T cell G. eosinophil H. NK cell correct answer: F cytotoxic T cell (EBV = intracellular virus --> cytotoxic T cells) Which of the following statements regarding T Cell Rece...

All immunoglobulins have the same basic structure which consists of correct answer: 2 heavy chains, 4 light chains Which of the following is not a charcteristic of B cells? A. Differentiate in to plasma cells B. Contain surface immunoglobulins C. Become memory cells D. Form rosettes with unsensitized sheep red blood cells E. all are characteristics are true correct answer: E. all characteristics are true A soluble meditor produced by lymphocytes correct answer: lymphokine Monos ...

The humoral immune system involves A. Monocytes B. B Cells C. T Cells D. Erythrocytes correct answer: B. B Cells What is the function of interferon? A. Destroys toxins B. Inhibits viruses C. Kills bacteria D. Inactivates protozoa correct answer: B. Inhibits viruses Types of effector T cells include A. B cells B. Helper T cells C. Monocytes D. Erythrocyte correct answer: B. Helper T Cells What immunoglobulin is usually present in greatest quantity? A. IgA B. IgD C. Ig...

What is the difference between precipitation and agglutination reactions? correct answer: Precipitation- visual aggregation of soluble test antigens with antibodies. Agglutination- visual aggregation of particulate test antigens. What body fluids can be utilized for serological studies on patients? correct answer: Plasma, CSF, Amniotic fluid, bone marrow, seminal and vaginal fluids, urine What major cells are found within the peripheral blood? What is the lineage for each? correct answe...

Definition of immunity correct answer: resistance to disease Causes of immune deficiency correct answer: AIDS, newborns, elderly, leukemia, lymphoma, chemotherapy, radiation therapy nonspecific immunity (natural, innate) correct answer: the first line of defense. Many microorganisms are not able to pass through this defense system and initiate an infection specific immunity (adaptive, acquired) correct answer: defense unique for each microbe immunologic memory is established by _...

Which of the following is not attributed to cytokines? correct answer: Stimulates the classical complement pathway Which two organs are considered the primary lymphoid organs in which immunocompetent cells originate and mature? correct answer: Thymus and bone marrow What type(s) of B cells are formed after antigen stimulation? correct answer: Plasma cells and memory cells What is the process by which phagocytic cells are attracted to a substance such as a bacterial peptide? correct a...

*From the following, identify a specific component of the adaptive immune system that is formed in response to antigenic stimulation: A. Lysozyme B. Complement C. Commensal organisms D. Immunoglobulin correct answer: *D. Immunoglobulin is a specific part of the adaptive immune system and is formed only in response to a specific antigenic stimulation. Complement, lysozyme, and commensal organisms all act nonspecifically as a part of the adaptive immune system. These three components ...

What immunological reaction is usually involved in asthma? a. Delayed hypersensitivity b. Immediate hypersensitivity c. Antibody mediated cytotoxity d. Precipitation reaction correct answer: b. Immediate hypersensitivity Match the immune mediator with the type of hypersensitivity: correct answer: T cells, no complement IgG or IgM, complement IgG, Complement IgE, No complement involved A major component of mast cell granules, whose effects appear within 30 - 60 se...

A codon consists of a sequence of how many nucleotides? correct answer: three What amino acid is used to initiate most proteins in eukaryotes? correct answer: Methionine The process of protein synthesis is also called: correct answer: translation Protein structure characterized by the combination of different proteins that all together are required for protein function is which level of protein structure? correct answer: Quaternary Nucleotides in DNA consist of which of the follo...

Antigen correct answer: Macromolecules that are capable of eliciting formation of immunoglobulins (antibodies) or sensitized cells in an immunocompetent host. Antibody correct answer: Serum factors in the blood formed in response to a foreign substance exposure. Antibodies are also know as immunoglobulins Another name for antibody correct answer: immunoglobulins Immunity correct answer: The condition of being resistant to infection variolation correct answer: the obsolete proces...