George Washington University

Understand the major function of cells - Answer Cell differentiation: in bone marrow, adult stem cell can reproduce and splits to either myeloid or lymphoid progenitor, which can then differentiate into many kinds of cells Homeostasis and cell injury: many adverse biological effects occur when cells are damaged, damage can be to any part of the cell, causes can be infectious agents, oxygen deprivation, trauma, chemicals, nutritional imbalances Apoptosis vs. Necrosis - Answer Apoptosi...

Protein Synthesis - Answer DNA to mRNA via Transcription in the nucleus of the cell. RNA to protein via translation in the ribosomes. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosomes in the correct sequence Mutagens - Answer pollutants in the environment that enter the body and directly change your DNA sequence Gene-gene interactions - Answer Pollutants that affect the functioning of one gene that directly affect the functioning of another gene Polymorphisms - Answer variation in D...

Two types of cell death - Answer apoptosis: programmed cell death necrosis: cell damage and death Virus vs bacteria - Answer virus: only active within host cells which they need to reproduce bacteria: single-celled organisms that produce own energy and can reproduce on their own DNA base pairing - Answer A-T G-C DNA strands held together by... - Answer hydrogen bonds DNA to protein - Answer DNA encodes the sequence of proteins carried in DNA Gene - Answer DNA ...

Genes influence physical development most directly by: A. Secreting certain enzymes that stimulate or inhibit growth B. Interacting with cells in the mother's placenta C. Controlling the speed with which electrical impulses flow D. Instructing the body to produce certain proteins - Answer D Human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. Within each pair: A. Both chromosomes are inherited from the opposite-sex parent. B. One chromosome is inherited from the mother...

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