,Inhoud
1.
Introduction in sport & performance psychology.....................................................................................................6
1.1 What is sport psychology?..............................................................................................................................6
1.2 History of sport psychology.............................................................................................................................6
Period 1: early years (1895-1920).....................................................................................................................7
Period 2: The Development of Laboratories & Psychological Testin| the Griffith era (1921-1938)................7
Period 3: preparation of the future (1939-1965)..............................................................................................7
Period 4: the establishment of academic sport psychology (1966-1977)........................................................8
Period 5: multidisciplinary science & practice in growth, exercise psychology (1978-2000)...........................8
Period 6: contemporary sport and exercise psychology (2000 – now)............................................................8
Understanding your athlete’s personality and sport................................................................................................9
Personality and sport............................................................................................................................................9
Criticism in recent years..................................................................................................................................10
1 Definition..............................................................................................................................................................10
Views of motivation................................................................................................................................................11
Achievement motivation & competitiveness..................................................................................................11
Theories of achievement motivation......................................................................................................................11
1. Need achievement theory...............................................................................................................................12
2. Attribution theorie..........................................................................................................................................13
3. Achievement goal theory................................................................................................................................14
4. Competence Movation Theory........................................................................................................................15
Theories of achievement motivation: resume....................................................................................................16
Development of achievement motivation...........................................................................................................16
Implications for practice..........................................................................................................................................16
Flow.........................................................................................................................................................................17
Special form of intrinsic motivation: flow.......................................................................................................17
Micro flow.......................................................................................................................................................18
What is arousal?......................................................................................................................................................18
What is anxiety?......................................................................................................................................................19
What is stress?........................................................................................................................................................19
The influence of arousal/anxiety on performance.................................................................................................20
The relationship between arousal & performance.................................................................................................21
Drive theory.....................................................................................................................................................21
Inverted- U hypothesis....................................................................................................................................21
1
, Individualized Zones of optimal Functioning (IZOF)........................................................................................22
Multidimensional anxiety theory....................................................................................................................23
Hardy’s Catastrophe Model............................................................................................................................23
Intention & direction of anxiety......................................................................................................................24
Measuring arousal and anxiety...............................................................................................................................24
CSAI: Norms College athletes..........................................................................................................................24
Implications for practice..........................................................................................................................................25
What is psychological skill training (PST)?..............................................................................................................25
Skills & techniques..............................................................................................................................................26
Why is PST often neglected.....................................................................................................................................26
4 Myths about PST..............................................................................................................................................26
PST effectiviness..................................................................................................................................................26
PST: who, how, and when.......................................................................................................................................26
Who can use PST?...............................................................................................................................................27
How to implement PST?......................................................................................................................................27
When implementing PST?...................................................................................................................................27
Phases in PST...........................................................................................................................................................28
Educationale phase.............................................................................................................................................28
Training phase.....................................................................................................................................................28
Practice phase.....................................................................................................................................................29
PST program development......................................................................................................................................29
Process of PST.....................................................................................................................................................29
Assessing performers’ mental skills....................................................................................................................29
Psychological skills training................................................................................................................................30
Common problems in implementing PST................................................................................................................30
Consequences for practice..................................................................................................................................30
Recapitulation.........................................................................................................................................................30
How do performers say it?..................................................................................................................................31
Implications for practice.....................................................................................................................................31
Self-awareness of arousal.......................................................................................................................................31
Arousal-inducing techniques (bringing up).............................................................................................................32
Signs of underactivation.....................................................................................................................................32
Arousal-reducing techniques (bringing down)........................................................................................................33
Signs of overactivation........................................................................................................................................33
Somatic anxiety reduction techniques................................................................................................................33
Cognitive anxiety reduction techniques..............................................................................................................34
2
, Matching tehnique to problem...............................................................................................................................36
Anecdotal tips small things you can do to bring down..........................................................................................36
Defining concentration............................................................................................................................................36
Types of attentional focus.......................................................................................................................................37
Attentional styles.....................................................................................................................................................37
Concentration and performance.............................................................................................................................38
Eberspächer – circles of attention.......................................................................................................................38
Attentional problems..............................................................................................................................................38
Enhancing concentration: self-talk..........................................................................................................................40
Improving concentration.........................................................................................................................................40
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................41
Effects of goal-setting on performance...................................................................................................................41
The essence of its effects.....................................................................................................................................41
Types of goals..........................................................................................................................................................42
1) Process Goals..................................................................................................................................................42
2) Performance goal............................................................................................................................................42
3) Outcome goals................................................................................................................................................42
differences: ego-, task orientation......................................................................................................................42
Which type of goal is the best?...........................................................................................................................42
10 Principles of goal-setting....................................................................................................................................43
1) Set long term and short term goals................................................................................................................43
2) SMART goals...................................................................................................................................................43
3) Use a mix of process, performance & outcome goals....................................................................................44
4) Write goals down regularly monitor progress: ink it, don’t think it...............................................................44
5) Set individual performance & team goals......................................................................................................44
6) Set practice (in training) and competition goals.............................................................................................44
7) Develop goal achievement strategies.............................................................................................................44
8) Provide goal support.......................................................................................................................................44
9) Evaluate and give feedback about progress...................................................................................................45
10) Adapt goals based on performance..............................................................................................................45
Pitfalls in goal-setting..............................................................................................................................................45
Prioritizing goals – your goals..................................................................................................................................45
What is self-confidence?.........................................................................................................................................47
Characteristics of optimal self-confidence and lack of self-confidence..................................................................47
Cognitive distortions leading to lack of s-c.............................................................................................................48
Wrong thinking?.................................................................................................................................................48
3
1.
Introduction in sport & performance psychology.....................................................................................................6
1.1 What is sport psychology?..............................................................................................................................6
1.2 History of sport psychology.............................................................................................................................6
Period 1: early years (1895-1920).....................................................................................................................7
Period 2: The Development of Laboratories & Psychological Testin| the Griffith era (1921-1938)................7
Period 3: preparation of the future (1939-1965)..............................................................................................7
Period 4: the establishment of academic sport psychology (1966-1977)........................................................8
Period 5: multidisciplinary science & practice in growth, exercise psychology (1978-2000)...........................8
Period 6: contemporary sport and exercise psychology (2000 – now)............................................................8
Understanding your athlete’s personality and sport................................................................................................9
Personality and sport............................................................................................................................................9
Criticism in recent years..................................................................................................................................10
1 Definition..............................................................................................................................................................10
Views of motivation................................................................................................................................................11
Achievement motivation & competitiveness..................................................................................................11
Theories of achievement motivation......................................................................................................................11
1. Need achievement theory...............................................................................................................................12
2. Attribution theorie..........................................................................................................................................13
3. Achievement goal theory................................................................................................................................14
4. Competence Movation Theory........................................................................................................................15
Theories of achievement motivation: resume....................................................................................................16
Development of achievement motivation...........................................................................................................16
Implications for practice..........................................................................................................................................16
Flow.........................................................................................................................................................................17
Special form of intrinsic motivation: flow.......................................................................................................17
Micro flow.......................................................................................................................................................18
What is arousal?......................................................................................................................................................18
What is anxiety?......................................................................................................................................................19
What is stress?........................................................................................................................................................19
The influence of arousal/anxiety on performance.................................................................................................20
The relationship between arousal & performance.................................................................................................21
Drive theory.....................................................................................................................................................21
Inverted- U hypothesis....................................................................................................................................21
1
, Individualized Zones of optimal Functioning (IZOF)........................................................................................22
Multidimensional anxiety theory....................................................................................................................23
Hardy’s Catastrophe Model............................................................................................................................23
Intention & direction of anxiety......................................................................................................................24
Measuring arousal and anxiety...............................................................................................................................24
CSAI: Norms College athletes..........................................................................................................................24
Implications for practice..........................................................................................................................................25
What is psychological skill training (PST)?..............................................................................................................25
Skills & techniques..............................................................................................................................................26
Why is PST often neglected.....................................................................................................................................26
4 Myths about PST..............................................................................................................................................26
PST effectiviness..................................................................................................................................................26
PST: who, how, and when.......................................................................................................................................26
Who can use PST?...............................................................................................................................................27
How to implement PST?......................................................................................................................................27
When implementing PST?...................................................................................................................................27
Phases in PST...........................................................................................................................................................28
Educationale phase.............................................................................................................................................28
Training phase.....................................................................................................................................................28
Practice phase.....................................................................................................................................................29
PST program development......................................................................................................................................29
Process of PST.....................................................................................................................................................29
Assessing performers’ mental skills....................................................................................................................29
Psychological skills training................................................................................................................................30
Common problems in implementing PST................................................................................................................30
Consequences for practice..................................................................................................................................30
Recapitulation.........................................................................................................................................................30
How do performers say it?..................................................................................................................................31
Implications for practice.....................................................................................................................................31
Self-awareness of arousal.......................................................................................................................................31
Arousal-inducing techniques (bringing up).............................................................................................................32
Signs of underactivation.....................................................................................................................................32
Arousal-reducing techniques (bringing down)........................................................................................................33
Signs of overactivation........................................................................................................................................33
Somatic anxiety reduction techniques................................................................................................................33
Cognitive anxiety reduction techniques..............................................................................................................34
2
, Matching tehnique to problem...............................................................................................................................36
Anecdotal tips small things you can do to bring down..........................................................................................36
Defining concentration............................................................................................................................................36
Types of attentional focus.......................................................................................................................................37
Attentional styles.....................................................................................................................................................37
Concentration and performance.............................................................................................................................38
Eberspächer – circles of attention.......................................................................................................................38
Attentional problems..............................................................................................................................................38
Enhancing concentration: self-talk..........................................................................................................................40
Improving concentration.........................................................................................................................................40
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................41
Effects of goal-setting on performance...................................................................................................................41
The essence of its effects.....................................................................................................................................41
Types of goals..........................................................................................................................................................42
1) Process Goals..................................................................................................................................................42
2) Performance goal............................................................................................................................................42
3) Outcome goals................................................................................................................................................42
differences: ego-, task orientation......................................................................................................................42
Which type of goal is the best?...........................................................................................................................42
10 Principles of goal-setting....................................................................................................................................43
1) Set long term and short term goals................................................................................................................43
2) SMART goals...................................................................................................................................................43
3) Use a mix of process, performance & outcome goals....................................................................................44
4) Write goals down regularly monitor progress: ink it, don’t think it...............................................................44
5) Set individual performance & team goals......................................................................................................44
6) Set practice (in training) and competition goals.............................................................................................44
7) Develop goal achievement strategies.............................................................................................................44
8) Provide goal support.......................................................................................................................................44
9) Evaluate and give feedback about progress...................................................................................................45
10) Adapt goals based on performance..............................................................................................................45
Pitfalls in goal-setting..............................................................................................................................................45
Prioritizing goals – your goals..................................................................................................................................45
What is self-confidence?.........................................................................................................................................47
Characteristics of optimal self-confidence and lack of self-confidence..................................................................47
Cognitive distortions leading to lack of s-c.............................................................................................................48
Wrong thinking?.................................................................................................................................................48
3
