Samenvattingen An Introduction to Physical Geography and the Environment (4e druk)

*All profits donated to the Black Lives Matter Movement.* Reading summaries from texts: Pianka (1966) 'Latitudinal gradients in species diversity: a review of concepts', American Naturalist, 100, 33-46 Thomas (2008) 'The Biosphere', in Holden, 'An introduction to physical geography and the environment',

*All profits donated to the Black Lives Matter Movement.* Lecture 4 - Why do climates change: long and short term controls Topics covered: causes of climate change, feedback Recommended reading included (some available to download in this module) Lecture 5 - Hurricanes - Extreme Weather Events Topics Covered - terminology

*All profits donated to the Black Lives Matter Movement.* Lecture 8 - Contemporary issues in the biosphere - natural and human interactions Topics covered - symptoms of land degradation, reducing degradation Recommended reading included (some available to download in this module) Lecture 9 - Contemporary issues in the biosphere 2 - humid tropical deforestation Topics covered: forest services Recommended reading available at Lecture 9 continued & Lecture 10

*All profits donated to the Black Lives Matter Movement.* Lecture 2 - Ecosystem Dynamics - Primary and secondary productions Topics covered: endotherms, what is a sustainable biome, human manipulation Recommended Reading included Lecture 3 - Ecosystem succession and human disturbance Topics covered: ecosystem change, internal factors Recommended Reading available at Lecture 3 continued & Lecture 4

*All profits donated to the Black Lives Matter Movement.* Lecture 5 - Ecosystems and environmental change Topics covered: predicted future impacts on ecosystem processes, ecosystem responses Recommended Reading Lecture 6 - Ecosystem stability - the concept of stability under changing conditions Topics covered: terminology, resilience

*All profits donated to the Black Lives Matter Movement.* Summaries of texts: Watt, Pyle, Mather (2013) 'The volcanic response to deglaciation evidence from glaciated arcs and a reassessment of glacial eruption records', Earth-Science Review, 122, 77-102 Holden, (2012) 'An Introduction to physical geography and the environment', Sediments and sedimentation, pp 244-267

Lecture 10 - Geosphere - key concepts in surface processes Topics covered: principles of mass flow processes, magnitude/frequency events Recommended reading included (some available to download from this module) Lecture 11 - Unstable landscape - slope processes and dynamics Topics covered: mass flow processes, slope processes Recommended reading available at Lecture 11 continued & Lecture 12

*All profits donated to the Black Lives Matter Movement.* Lecture 11 - Unstable landscape - slope processes and dynamics Topics covered: main causes, basic principles of slope stability, factors affecting shear strength, factors affecting shear stress, hortonian (overland) flow Recommended reading available at Lecture 12 continued & Lecture 12

*All profits donated to the Black Lives Matter Movement.* Lecture 16 - Tides and waves - an introduction to coastal systems Topics covered: beach morphology, deltas Recommended reading included (some available to download) Lecture 17 - Coastal systems - the impacts of humans and climate Topics covered: structure of cliffs, changing rates of coastal erosions Recommended reading available in Lecture 17 continued & Lecture 18

*All profits donated to the Black Lives Matter Movement.* Lecture 6 - ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) Topics covered: Key factors in ENSO operation, El Nino, Impacts of ENSO Recommended Reading included (some available for download in this module)