COCO SOLUTIONS ACADEMIC STORE

Essential Nutrients - Answer those compounds a microbe cannot make itself but must gather from its environment if the cells is to grow and divide Macro Nutrients - Answer nutrients needed in large quantities ex: carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur for carbohydrates. Lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins for the cell. cofactors - Answer fit into specific enzymes and aid in teh catalytic process like Mg2+, Fe2+, K+. Can also be regulatory signal molecules ...

robert hooke - Answer first description of microorganisms leeuwenhoek - Answer first person to see bacteria louis pasteur - Answer did not believe in spontaneous generation, heat experiment and seal experiment, organisms still grow robert koch - Answer linked cause and effect in an infectious disease Koch's Postulates - Answer 1. The suspected pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease and absent from healthy animals. 2. The suspected pathogen m...

how does the Trp repressor work? what is it called when trp is around and not around? - Answer No trp: it is an aporepressor- it does not bind to operon and transcription occurs Yes trp: it is a holorepressor- trp binds to repressor and turns it into a holorepressor. the holorepressor binds to operon and supresses transcription. NOTE! the holorepressor is a leaky repressor, some transcription continues to occur- this is why there are more means to control expression what is transcriptio...

Know the types of equal and unequal cell division - Answer Equal: binary fission Unequal: budding Budding division - Answer - a new cell emerges and buds off from a mother cell (daughter cell is genetically identical but different in size/function from mother cell) - some budding bacteria have cytoplasmic extensions - in multiple fission, one hyphae has multiple locations of new cell growth along its length Describe the steps of binary fission (bacterial DNA replication, molec...

What are the 2 main differences between unicellular and multicellular developmental programs? - Answer - Differentiation: Cells in unicellular end up as the same cells; in multicellular they differentiate for different functions - Decision making: Unicellular doesn't coordinate with others (senses only for itself), Multicellular does coordinate with others (cells signal to each other). What type of bacteria are streptomycetes and why are they of interested to study? - Answer gra...

Epidemiology - Answer -the study of the occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and disease in population (public health, analyzing public health, not treatment of disease) ◦ A major job is to carry out disease surveillance (observations, reporting of disease) Epidemiologists - Answer -carry out disease surveillance (observation, recognition, and reporting of diseases as they occur), use data to formulate effective public health measures for disease control, prevent ...

sigma factor - Answer 1. Confers tight binding to the promoter 2. Without this, the holoenzyme is only a "core" promotor, filter-binding assay - Answer Experiments to determine that *sigma factor* allows for tight binding to the ________________: 1. Experiment where core vs. holoenzyme was allowed to bind to radiolabelled DNA, and measured rate at which each jumped onto nonradioactive DNA 2. Core jumped off radioactive DNA at a much higher rate 3. Doing a ________________...

Epidemiology - Answer -the study of the occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and disease in population (public health, analyzing public health, not treatment of disease) ◦ A major job is to carry out disease surveillance (observations, reporting of disease) Epidemiologists - Answer -carry out disease surveillance (observation, recognition, and reporting of diseases as they occur), use data to formulate effective public health measures for disease control, prevent ...

Hydrogenosomes - Answer anaerobic endosymbiont that makes ATP via fermentation working distance - Answer distance between objective lens and specimen Fluorochromes - Answer absorb light and emit visible fluorescent light; labeled probes used to localize specific proteins gram negative - Answer the group of bacteria that have a structurally complex cell wall and contain less peptidoglycan; often more toxic; can be rinsed of color by alcohol gram positive - Answer ...

robert hooke - Answer first description of microorganisms leeuwenhoek - Answer first person to see bacteria louis pasteur - Answer did not believe in spontaneous generation, heat experiment and seal experiment, organisms still grow robert koch - Answer linked cause and effect in an infectious disease Koch's Postulates - Answer 1. The suspected pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease and absent from healthy animals. 2. The suspected pathogen m...

Explain parts of a lac operon - Answer control locus: encodes proteins that bind repressor and rna polymerase repressor: acts as on and off switch, codes for repressor protein structural locus: genes turned on and off by the operon Example of inducible and repressible operon - Answer repressible: arginine operon (regulates arginine amino acid synthesis), arginine represses operon by neg feedback inducible: lac operon (regulates breakdown of lactose), repressed aka induced by lact...

Summarize Griffith's experiments on transformation - Answer Griffith's experiments allowed him to observe the change of nonvirulent organisms into virulent ones. This means that living bacteria could transfer some component to dead bacteria. - to do this, he injected mice with a live smooth strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, which killed them - he then injected them with a live rough strain of the same bacteria, which did not harm the mouse - then, he injected mice with a heat-kil...

Antoni van Leewenhoek - Answer • Dutch amateur microscope builder • Observed "animalcules" (microscopic animals) Lazzaro Spallanzani - Answer • Experiment to test where microbes come from: "spontaneous generation" (life arose from inanimate chemicals) or "life from life" (microbes are already present in air) • experiment: heated a test tube then added stopper -> found that there was no growth -> supported spontaneous generation • criticisms: o ...

sigma factor - Answer 1. Confers tight binding to the promoter 2. Without this, the holoenzyme is only a "core" promotor, filter-binding assay - Answer Experiments to determine that *sigma factor* allows for tight binding to the ________________: 1. Experiment where core vs. holoenzyme was allowed to bind to radiolabeled DNA, and measured rate at which each jumped onto nonradioactive DNA 2. Core jumped off radioactive DNA at a much higher rate 3. Doing a _________________...

What are the two steps of Glycolysis? - Answer 1. investment steps: 2 phosphorylation steps (requiring ATP) 2. Payoff steps: 1 redox step (requiring NAD+, 2 phosphorylation steps, generates ATP) What is produced in glycolysis - Answer 4 ATP, 2 Pyruvate molecules, and 2 NADH Does fermentation produce ATP? (not including glycolysis) - Answer NO What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? - Answer the final electron acceptor Name three possible ...

Describe the formation of biofilms. - Answer formation: 1. planktonic cells (reversibly) attach to substrate 2. first colonizers become irreversibly attached (sessile) 3. cells grow and divide 4. EPS forms as well as water channels 5. dispersal: cells on the periphery slough off and become planktonic, finding their own places to colonize Describe the characteristics of biofilms. - Answer -clusters of microorganisms in a matrix -embedded w water channels -extracellular polym...

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Dr. Sutton wants to research what the most popular ways of communication among teens, ages 13-18. Which of the following research methods would be most appropriate? - Answer survey Dr. Tanner wants to research how children interact socially, which research method would be most appropriate? - Answer naturalistic observation Dr. Mitchell is interested in finding how a new drug affects patient's energy levels. Which research method would be most appropriate? - Answer experim...

Which of the following scientists made a significant contribution to agricultural technology in the 20th century? - Answer Norman Borlaug, Carl Bosch, Fritz Haber Industrialized agriculture is characterized by which of the following agricultural methods? - Answer synthetic fertilizer and pesticide application, and widespread irrigation systems Which of the following is an abiotic factor that is essential to the health and survival of consumers? - Answer oxygen Which of th...

Which of the following scientists made a significant contribution to agricultural technology in the 20th century? - Answer Norman Borlaug, Carl Bosch, Fritz Haber Industrialized agriculture is characterized by which of the following agricultural methods? - Answer synthetic fertilizer and pesticide application, and widespread irrigation systems Which of the following is an abiotic factor that is essential to the health and survival of consumers? - Answer oxygen Which of th...