MIMG 100L: Final Exam Questions and
All Correct Answers 2026 Updated.
What are the two steps of Glycolysis? - Answer 1. investment steps: 2 phosphorylation steps
(requiring ATP) 2. Payoff steps: 1 redox step (requiring NAD+, 2 phosphorylation steps,
generates ATP)
What is produced in glycolysis - Answer 4 ATP, 2 Pyruvate molecules, and 2 NADH
Does fermentation produce ATP? (not including glycolysis) - Answer NO
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? - Answer the final
electron acceptor
Name three possible final electron acceptors used for anaerobic respiration? - Answer
sulfate, nitrate, carbonate ion
What is the maximum yield of ATP molecules anaerobic respiration can make? aerobic
respiration? - Answer anaerobic: 5-32
aerobic: 38
What is usually the final electron acceptor for fermentation? - Answer pyruvate
Where is the ETS located in prokaryotes? - Answer cytoplasm
- remember, prokaryotes do not have mitochondria
what are the three circumstances under which aerobic respiration is not possible? - Answer
no oxygen, cells lack cytochrome oxidase for transfering electrons to oxygen at the end of the
ETC, and cells lack genes encoding enzymes to minimize the effects of ROS (superoxidase and
catalase)
define facultative - Answer not restricted to
OF Test - Answer if glucose broken down, medium will turn yellow due to change in
bromothymol blue
, Why do you want to make sure that there is no nitrate or sulfur in the medium - Answer to
ensure you are controlling for the fermentation of only glucose and not of another other
molecule
phenol red broth - Answer differential test medium prepared as a base to which a
carbohydrate is added4- protein, a single carb, pH indicator, and inverted durham tube
MR-VP test - Answer MR- test for mixed acid fermentation
VP- test for production of 2-3'butanediol -> acetoin (red when combin
what does MR-VP test help to identify? - Answer enteric gram negative bacteria
mixed acid fermentation - Answer Produces acetate, formate, lactate, and succinate, as well
as ethanol, H2, and CO2
catalase test - Answer used to identify organisms that produce the enzyme catalase
superoxide dismutase - Answer catalyzes conversion of superoxide radicals to hydrogen
peroxide
catalase - Answer breaks down hydrogen peroxide
oxidase test - Answer detects presence of cytochrome C- cytochrome c has unique abilityto
notonlyoxidize cytochrome c but to catalyze the reduction of cytochrome c by a chromogenic
reducing agent that develops colors as they become oxidized
citrate test - Answer test organism's ability to use citrate as sole carbon source and inorganic
ammonium salts as sole source of nitrogen
- defined media
- citrate permease enzyme allows the bacteria to use citrate and turn it into pyruvate
What does a positive citrate test look like - Answer blue- when bacteria metabolize citrate,
the amonium salts are broken down into ammonia which increases alkalinity- shifting pH turns
bromothymol blue from green to blue >7.6
what complex of the ETC is cytochrome c - Answer complex IV
why is 16s RNA used to identify bacteria - Answer it is present in almost all bacterial species
All Correct Answers 2026 Updated.
What are the two steps of Glycolysis? - Answer 1. investment steps: 2 phosphorylation steps
(requiring ATP) 2. Payoff steps: 1 redox step (requiring NAD+, 2 phosphorylation steps,
generates ATP)
What is produced in glycolysis - Answer 4 ATP, 2 Pyruvate molecules, and 2 NADH
Does fermentation produce ATP? (not including glycolysis) - Answer NO
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? - Answer the final
electron acceptor
Name three possible final electron acceptors used for anaerobic respiration? - Answer
sulfate, nitrate, carbonate ion
What is the maximum yield of ATP molecules anaerobic respiration can make? aerobic
respiration? - Answer anaerobic: 5-32
aerobic: 38
What is usually the final electron acceptor for fermentation? - Answer pyruvate
Where is the ETS located in prokaryotes? - Answer cytoplasm
- remember, prokaryotes do not have mitochondria
what are the three circumstances under which aerobic respiration is not possible? - Answer
no oxygen, cells lack cytochrome oxidase for transfering electrons to oxygen at the end of the
ETC, and cells lack genes encoding enzymes to minimize the effects of ROS (superoxidase and
catalase)
define facultative - Answer not restricted to
OF Test - Answer if glucose broken down, medium will turn yellow due to change in
bromothymol blue
, Why do you want to make sure that there is no nitrate or sulfur in the medium - Answer to
ensure you are controlling for the fermentation of only glucose and not of another other
molecule
phenol red broth - Answer differential test medium prepared as a base to which a
carbohydrate is added4- protein, a single carb, pH indicator, and inverted durham tube
MR-VP test - Answer MR- test for mixed acid fermentation
VP- test for production of 2-3'butanediol -> acetoin (red when combin
what does MR-VP test help to identify? - Answer enteric gram negative bacteria
mixed acid fermentation - Answer Produces acetate, formate, lactate, and succinate, as well
as ethanol, H2, and CO2
catalase test - Answer used to identify organisms that produce the enzyme catalase
superoxide dismutase - Answer catalyzes conversion of superoxide radicals to hydrogen
peroxide
catalase - Answer breaks down hydrogen peroxide
oxidase test - Answer detects presence of cytochrome C- cytochrome c has unique abilityto
notonlyoxidize cytochrome c but to catalyze the reduction of cytochrome c by a chromogenic
reducing agent that develops colors as they become oxidized
citrate test - Answer test organism's ability to use citrate as sole carbon source and inorganic
ammonium salts as sole source of nitrogen
- defined media
- citrate permease enzyme allows the bacteria to use citrate and turn it into pyruvate
What does a positive citrate test look like - Answer blue- when bacteria metabolize citrate,
the amonium salts are broken down into ammonia which increases alkalinity- shifting pH turns
bromothymol blue from green to blue >7.6
what complex of the ETC is cytochrome c - Answer complex IV
why is 16s RNA used to identify bacteria - Answer it is present in almost all bacterial species
