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What happened in 1967 in the World Health Organization? - Answer In 1967, the World Health Organization decided to mount a global vaccination campaign to wipe out smallpox forever. But the disease was so widespread, experts predicted total eradication was doomed to failure. Smallpox had certain characteristics that gave Dr. Henderson realistic hope that they could break the chain of transmission, including _________________. - Answer person to person Vaccines were winning the war agai...

According to the video on female genital mutilation, villagers in Sierra Leona believe that the practice of female genital mutilation is inhuman and an unnecessary violation of human rights. - Answer False According to the video, an opportunity to end female genital mutilation in this area of Sierra Leone was by training former FMG practitioners in vocational schools as farmers - Answer true All health education interventions should be given as printed material to ensure acceptability ...

Referring to the Week 5 lecture on the Importance of Nutrition, what are the benefits of breastfeeding? - Answer All of the choices True or False: Global Health is defined as: health problems, issues, & concerns that transcend national boundaries and may best be addressed by cooperative actions. - Answer True In the Week 2 Lecture on Alphabet Organizations, you learned about several globally-focused health organizations that provide financial assistance and other humanitarian aid to im...

True or False: There are many international mechanisms for holding countries accountable for ensuring that they honor the human right to health. - Answer false The mother whose story is told by the video 'Rx for Survival' depicts the challenge health providers face when people have to choose between health and social factors. This is shown by her choice to: - Answer Get herself treated for HIV Why does medical research raise special ethical considerations? - Answer Research par...

According to Dr. Ala Alwan, ____ in 10 people who die from noncommunicable diseases before the age of 60 come from low and middle income countries: - Answer 9 According to Dr. Margaret Chan, Director General of the WHO, governments across the world need to see mental health as a vital component of ____________ health. - Answer Primary TRUE OR FALSEIt is impossible that people can gain weight on diet with as low as 1,200 calories. - Answer False TRUE OR FALSEThe co-existence and co...

While many human rights are outlined and promoted through various declarations and treaties, not all statements about human rights are enforceable by law. A. True B. False - Answer A. True Despite many great strides in human rights up to the 1800s, human rights only applied to those in power, European colonists: A. True B. False - Answer A. True What was the first guideline for the ethical conduct of research on human subjects set specific requirements for physicians ...

The Infant Mortality Rate is defined as: -Answer Deaths of children less than one year of age per 1,000 children born According to the Week 2 lecture on Global Health Systems, which of the following is a function of a health system? -Answer Stewardship Low parental socioeconomic status can lead to poor child health, which then may lead to lower education and earnings for the child. These factors contribute to poor outcomes for these children later as adults (large families, poverty, li...

deaths from noncommunicable diseases - Answer 40 million what percent of deaths are due to noncommunicable diseases? - Answer 70% noncommunicable diseases of concern - Answer cardiovascular, diabetes, cancers, mental illness noncommunicable diseases are prevented at a low cost but are expensive to treat - Answer TRUE cardiovascular disease burden - Answer - ischemic heart disease and stroke - 31% of all deaths in 2015 - leading cause of death globally for everyone deat...

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A stem cell is exposed to notch1, what is the outcome of this? - Answer Commitment to the T-cell lineage A DN T-cell which lacks CD44 will lack what? - Answer Adhesion molecules What model proposed for differentiation of T-cells into CD4 or CD8 relies on random downregualtion of either the CD4 or CD8 receptor? - Answer the stochastic model (T/F) cytokines are long lived once in circulation - Answer false A dendritic cell (DC) presenting only MHC class II encounters a naiv...

Herd immunity - Answer Vaccination/protection of a critical mass of people Humoral immunity - Answer Combats pathogens via antibodies produced by B cells Active vs. passive Cell-mediated immunity - Answer T cells that eradicate pathogens, self-cells, or aid other cells BCR and TCR generated by - Answer Random gene segment rearrangements 4 categories of pathogens - Answer 1. Viruses 2. Bacteria 3. Fungi 4. Parasites PRRs bind to - Answer PAMPs and DAMPs ...

immunity - Answer state of protection against foreign pathogens or substances (antigens) can generate immunity without inducing disease (through vaccine) herd immunity - Answer acquiring protective immunity in a critical mass of people through vaccination or recovery from infection serves as a buffer for everyone else humoral immunity - Answer soluble proteins for labelling and destruction of invaders combats pathogens via antibodies produced by B cells cell mediated i...

Binding affinity - Answer Strength of an individual bond Binding avidity - Answer Combined strength of binding of the multiple interactions Multivalency influences which binding property? - Answer increases avidity of the interactions Dissociation constant - Answer Kd - measure of strength of ligand binding Ligand-receptor binding induces 4 molecular changes in the receptor - Answer 1. Conformational 2. Dimerization / clustering 3. Location in the membrane 4. Cova...

Receptor-ligand binding occurs via multiple ___________ bonds. - Answer noncovalent Each individual bond may be weak but in total they deliver a strong _______ _________. - Answer binding avidity _________________ (___) is a measure of strength of ligand binding. - Answer Dissociation Constant (Kd) What are examples of bonds& interactions that can occur between a receptor and ligand? - Answer - Hydrogen bonds - Ionic bonds - Van der Waals interactions - hydrophobic int...

What is immunity? - Answer Immunity is the state of protection against foreign pathogens or substances (antigens) Herd immunity is - Answer vaccination or protection of a critical mass of people through vaccination or recovery from infection -serves as a buffer for everyone else Humoral immunity combats pathogens via ___ - Answer antibodies Antibodies are produced by ___ cells - Answer B Cell-mediated immunity involves primarily ___ - Answer T-cells T- cells can __...

What cells are MHC Class I molecules found on? - Answer all nucleated cells What cells are MHC Class II molecules found on? - Answer antigen presenting cells (high expressed on B cells and DC's and low expression on macrophages) MHC Class I molecules are recognized by...? - Answer cytotoxic T cells MHC Class II molecules are recognized by...? - Answer helper T cells What molecule stabilizes MHC Class I? - Answer CD8 What molecule stabilizes MHC Class II? - Answer...

Explain the how a few pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can collectively recognize most pathogens. - Answer PRRs are germ-line encoded and do not undergo somatic recombination, therefore do not have specificity like T/ B cells. -PRRs can recognize PAMPS which are essentially non-cellular structures present on pathogens, meaning that most pathogens are readily identified by PRRs Explain the different types of PRRs. -Membrane bound phagocytic receptors (opsonic and non-opsonic) -how...

T/F - Monocytes can phagocytose/engulf invading pathogens and cause their lysis and degradation - Answer True MC - Secondary lymphoid organ areas include: Bone marrow Thymus Lymph nodes and spleen Skin - Answer Lymph nodes and spleen MC - CD4 molecules are most commonly found on _______ while CD8 molecules are most commonly found on ________. T-helper cells, T-cytotoxic cells B cells, T-cytotoxic cells B cells, T-helper cells T-cytotoxic cells, T-helper cells - Answer T-he...

What is a sporadic disease? - Answer A disease where only a few scattered cases occur within a given population What is an endemic disease? - Answer A disease that occurs at a relatively stable frequency within a given population What is an epidemic disease ? - Answer When a disease exceeds its normal frequency within a given population What is a pandemic disease? - Answer An epidemic outbreak that spreads across continental barriers What are virulence factors? - Answer ...

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