MICR 3230 Midterm Test Questions and
Answers 2026/2027 Updated.
Herd immunity - Answer Vaccination/protection of a critical mass of people
Humoral immunity - Answer Combats pathogens via antibodies produced by B cells
Active vs. passive
Cell-mediated immunity - Answer T cells that eradicate pathogens, self-cells, or aid other cells
BCR and TCR generated by - Answer Random gene segment rearrangements
4 categories of pathogens - Answer 1. Viruses
2. Bacteria
3. Fungi
4. Parasites
PRRs bind to - Answer PAMPs and DAMPs
PRRs always expressed
Clonal selection - Answer B and T cells go through generation of diversity and deletion if not
activated by their specific antigen
If activated, the cell undergoes proliferation and produces a large number of clones
Tolerance - Answer Self vs non-self discrimination
Innate vs adaptive system - major components - Answer Innate - phagocytes, barriers, PRRs
Adaptive - T and B lymphocytes, antigen-specific receptors, Abs
Primary lymphoid organs - Answer Bone marrow and thymus
, Where immune cells mature from immature precursors
Secondary lymphoid organs - Answer Spleen, lymph nodes, MALT/GALT
Where mature lymphocytes encounter antigen and begin differentiation
Common myeloid progenitor gives rise to - Answer RBCs
Granulocytes (eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil, mast cell)
Monocytes (DCs and macrophages)
DCs
Platelets
Common lymphoid progenitor gives rise to - Answer DCs
T cells (Th and Tc)
B cells
ILCs
Neutrophil molecules - Answer Proteases
Antimicrobial proteins
Histamine
Eosinophil molecules - Answer Cationic proteins
Cytokines
Chemokines
Basophil molecules - Answer Histamine
Cytokines
Lipid mediators
Answers 2026/2027 Updated.
Herd immunity - Answer Vaccination/protection of a critical mass of people
Humoral immunity - Answer Combats pathogens via antibodies produced by B cells
Active vs. passive
Cell-mediated immunity - Answer T cells that eradicate pathogens, self-cells, or aid other cells
BCR and TCR generated by - Answer Random gene segment rearrangements
4 categories of pathogens - Answer 1. Viruses
2. Bacteria
3. Fungi
4. Parasites
PRRs bind to - Answer PAMPs and DAMPs
PRRs always expressed
Clonal selection - Answer B and T cells go through generation of diversity and deletion if not
activated by their specific antigen
If activated, the cell undergoes proliferation and produces a large number of clones
Tolerance - Answer Self vs non-self discrimination
Innate vs adaptive system - major components - Answer Innate - phagocytes, barriers, PRRs
Adaptive - T and B lymphocytes, antigen-specific receptors, Abs
Primary lymphoid organs - Answer Bone marrow and thymus
, Where immune cells mature from immature precursors
Secondary lymphoid organs - Answer Spleen, lymph nodes, MALT/GALT
Where mature lymphocytes encounter antigen and begin differentiation
Common myeloid progenitor gives rise to - Answer RBCs
Granulocytes (eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil, mast cell)
Monocytes (DCs and macrophages)
DCs
Platelets
Common lymphoid progenitor gives rise to - Answer DCs
T cells (Th and Tc)
B cells
ILCs
Neutrophil molecules - Answer Proteases
Antimicrobial proteins
Histamine
Eosinophil molecules - Answer Cationic proteins
Cytokines
Chemokines
Basophil molecules - Answer Histamine
Cytokines
Lipid mediators
