Sissgeorge

How is sex determined in organisms? Examples of several syndromes. What is needed to confirm maleness? Inactivation of the X chromosome -calico cats. Examples in disorders.

Description of loss of function and gain of function alleles with main examples. Explanation of incomplete dominance and codominance

Explanation of the main functions of respiratory system and how does it work. What are the defence mechanisms against microbes? The main gas laws and what do they show - tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, inspiratory capacity, vital capacity, functional residual capacity. How does ventilation occur? Explanation of gas exchange in alveoli and upper airways, oxygen transport, role of haemoglobin.

Summary of pH, amino acids and buffers. How to calculate pH using pKa value?

Introduction to the medical microbiology - bacteria, fungi, viruses. Which organisms are parasites and what do they cause? How is the virus structured and how enters and infect a cell?

What is the extracellular matrix and what are its components? Explanation of tight junctions and gap junctions. What are hemidesmosomes and desmosomes and how cells interact with each other?

Introduction to cytoskeleton and its elements. Definition of microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments and their mechanism of action. How muscle contraction is formed to perform cell movement? What are the main proteins involved in the process?

Introduction to pharmacology. Definition of a drug, specificity, selectivity. What is pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics? Introduction to ADME - absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion.

What is a virus? Examples of viral diseases. Structure of the several types of viruses including poliovirus, papillomavirus, herpesvirus, influenza virus, hiv. Comprehensive explanation of the virus replication cycle and the virus receptors.

Which organisms are microbes? What are the types of microbes? Structure of the bacterial cell and the virus. Taxonomy and nomenclature of bacteria. Bacterial features.