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a nurse is assessing a pt with selecting food choice on a menu. which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates ethnocentrism? a. asking the pt. about some favorite food choices b. notifying the dietician to complete the menu c. recommending one's own favorite foods d. asking the pts. family to fill out the menu - ANSWER - c. recommending

Most common cause of shock in a trauma patient - ANSWER - Hemorrhage Earliest measurable circulatory sign of shock (in most cases) - ANSWER - Tachycardia, cutaneous vasoconstriction (cool to touch) Contraindicated in management of hemorrhagic shock - ANSWER - Vasopressors (worsen tissue perfusion) Compensatory mechanisms can prevent a measurable

What are more common brain injury: epidural or subdural? - ANSWER - subdural 30% epidural 0.5% Subdural hematoma occur from tear of _________. - ANSWER - bridging vessels of the cerebral cortex Contusion occur in ___% of TBI. They often occur in _____ or ______ lobes of brain. They may coalesce to form ______ in as many as 20$%. - ANSWER - 20-30% frontal or temporal intracerebral hematoma. What is the imaging protocol for a patient with cerebral contusion? - ANSWER - get CT at presen...

A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents several minutes after he fell through a window. He is bleeding profusely from a 6-cm wound of his medial right thigh. Immediate management of the wound should consist of: Select one: a. application of a tourniquet b. direct pressure on the wound c. packing the wound with gauze d. direct pressure on the femoral artery at the groin e. debridement of devitalized tissue - ANSWER - b. direct pressure on the wound Fo...

Why does shock actually reduce the total volume of circulating blood? - ANSWER - Anaerobic metabolism --> can't make more ATP --> Endoplasmic then mitochondrial damage --> lysosomes rupture --> sodium and WATER enter the cell, which SWELLS and dies. Which vasopressors should you use to treat hemorrhagic shock? What are the drug doses? - ANSWER - NEVER use pressors for hypovolemic shock - use VOLUME replacement. Pressors will worsen tissue perfusion in hemorrhagic shock. Comp...

What site is the first choice for intraosseous infusion? A. Proximal tibia B. Distal humerus C. Proximal femur D. Distal fibula - ANSWER - A. Proximal tibia A 34 year old man has a gunshot wound to the right groin area. Arterial bleeding, which cannot be controlled with direct pressure, is coming from the wound. The patient appears confused, diaphoretic, and has weak peripheral pulses. What is the appropriate fluid resuscitation for this patient? A. Intravenous fluid at a "keep open...

Bowel sounds on chest auscultation are reflective of - ANSWER - Diaphragm injury Apical capping and widened mediastinum are reflective of what? - ANSWER - Aortic trauma Circumferential burn? - ANSWER - Escharotomy What is main goal of priamry brain injury? - ANSWER - Preventing secondary brain injury 2 big causes of secondary brain injury? - ANSWER - HYPOVOLEMIA and HYPOXEMIA Girl falls on her head, loses consciousness, and is now unstable. What kind of hematoma is this? - ANSWER ...

A 17-year-old helmeted motorcyclist is struck broadside by an automobile at an intersection. He is unconscious at the scene with a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg, heart rate of 90 beats per minute, and respiratory rate of 22 breaths per minute. His respirations are sonorous and deep. His GCS score is 6. Immobilization of the entire family may include the use of all the following EXCEPT: A. Air splints B. Bolstering devices C. A long spine board D. A scoop style stretcher E. A semirigid cervi...

A 22 year old male sustains a shotgun wound to the left shoulder and chest at close range. His BP is 80/40mmHg and his HR is 130bpm. Fluid resusciation is initiated, his BP increases to 122/84, and HR decreases to 100bpm. He is tachypneic with RR of 28. On physical examination, his breath sounds are decreased at the left upper chest with dullness on percussion. A tube thoracostomy is inserted in the fifth intercostal space with the return of 200ml of blood and no air leak. The most appropriate n...

Most common cause of shock in a trauma patient - ANSWER - Hemorrhage Earliest measurable circulatory sign of shock (in most cases) - ANSWER - Tachycardia, cutaneous vasoconstriction (cool to touch) Contraindicated in management of hemorrhagic shock - ANSWER - Vasopressors (worsen tissue perfusion) Compensatory mechanisms can prevent a measurable fall in systolic pressure until up to ______ of a patient's blood volume is lost. - ANSWER - 30% Diagnosis of tachycardia by age - ANSWER...

Loss of subcutaneous fat, nutritional deficiencies, chronic medical conditions place elderly patients as risk for hypothermia and complications for immobility. - ANSWER - Rapid evaluation and when possible early liberation from spine boards and cervical collars will minimize complications. True or False: Fall prevention is the mainstay of reducing the mortality associated with pelvic fractures. - ANSWER - true poor hygiene, dehydration, oral injury, contusions affecting the inner arms, inn...

A laceration of the neck superficial to the deep cervical fascia along the sternocleidomastoid muscle at its midpoint would cause bleeding from which structure? - ANSWER - External jugular vein Clinical features associated with tension pneumothorax - ANSWER - Unilateral decrease in breath sounds Hyperresonance Respiratory distress Tachycardia Tracheal shift Desatruation Decreased breath sounds Decreased compliance Asymmetric chest movement NOT hypertension, audible bronchial sounds...

Fluid Volume Excess Expected Lab Values - ANSWER - Increased Hct Increased or decreased serum Electrolytes Increased protein Decreased aldosterone Increased excretion of sodium Increased natriuretic peptides Decreased BUN and creatinine Decreased PaCO2 Increased pH Hypoglycemia S/S: - ANSWER - Mild Shakiness Mental Confusion Sweating Palpitations Headache Lack of Coordination Blurred Vision Seizures Coma

Chapter 8 - ANSWER - What are acceptable foods on a clear liquid diet - ANSWER - Water, tea, coffee, fat free broth, carbonated beverages, clear juices, ginger ale and gelatin What are acceptable foods for full liquid diet - ANSWER - All forms of milk, soup, strained fruits and vegetables, vegetable and fruit juices, eggnog, plain ice cream and sherbet, refined or strained cereals and puddings The soft diet is also known as the bland, low fiber diet and contains foods such as - ANSWER ...

Food sources of calcium - ANSWER - cheese, collard greens, milk and soy milk, rhubarb, sardines, tofu, yogurt Food sources of chloride - ANSWER - salt Food sources of iron - ANSWER - Bread, cereal, dark green vegetables, dried fruits, egg yolk, legumes, liver, meats Food sources of magnesium - ANSWER - Avocado, canned white tuna, cauliflower, cooked rolled oats, green leafy vegetables, milk, peanut butter, peas, pork, beef, chicken, potatoes, raisins, yogurt. affects enzyme and neuroche...

A nurse is caring for a client who has DM and feeling dizzy, weak,and shaky. Which of the following is the priority action by the nurse? a. offer the client 6 oz of orange juice b. document the client's intake from the most recent meal c. teach the client manifestations of hypoglycemia d. check the client's blood glucose level - ANSWER - D A client tells a nurse that she does not like the taste of the nutritional shakes she is prescribed. She asks the nurse for suggestions on how...

a nurse is assessing a pt with selecting food choice on a menu. which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates ethnocentrism? a. asking the pt. about some favorite food choices b. notifying the dietician to complete the menu c. recommending one's own favorite foods d. asking the pts. family to fill out the menu - ANSWER - c. recommending one's own favorite foods a nurse is caring for a client who has HTN. which of the following dietary patterns is sometimes followed by A...

What foods are common choking hazards for kids? - ANSWER - -hard candies - hard, raw vegetables - sticky foods peanut butter) - whole grapes - nuts and seeds What percentage of milk fat should children be drinking? - ANSWER - - for 2 years old and under, drink whole milk - for older than 2 years old, drink skim or low-fat milk Nutrition for Crohn's disease - ANSWER - - Avoid carbonated, or "fizzy," drinks - Avoid popcorn, vegetable skins, nuts, and other high-fiber foods - ...

A daily increase of ____ calories is recommended during the second trimester of pregnancy, and an increase of ____ calories is recommended during the third trimester of pregnancy. - ANSWER - 340; 452 During the first trimester the recommended weight gain is between ____ to ____ lbs - ANSWER - 1.1-4.4lbs Normal weight for second and third trimester is ____lb per week for a total of ____ to ____lbs - ANSWER - 1; 25;35 Breast milk, infant formula, or a combination of the two is the sole so...

Rationale: Surgery may be necessary for patients who do not respond to pharmacologic and lifestyle interventions. Laparoscopic fundoplication is the treatment of choice for GERD. Proton pump inhibitors would not be prescribed since medication has not been effective. Gastric bypass surgery is for weight loss, not GERD. The patient has already used lifestyle modifications for treatment without success. Therefore, stress management techniques would not be the best treatment option. Surgical trea...