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If a reaction is exergonic, then which of these statements is true? - Answer The products have lower Gibbs free energy than the reactants What is a transition state? - Answer the intermediate complex formed as covalent bonds in the reactants are being broken and re-formed during a reaction During a laboratory experiment, you discover that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a G of -20 kcal/mol. If you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction, what will be the G for the new reac...

autocrine signals - Answer act on the same cell that secretes them paracrine signals - Answer diffuse to and affect nearby cells endocrine signals - Answer hormones carried between distant cells by blood or other bodily fluids neural signals - Answer diffuse a short distance between neurons neuroendocrine signals (neurohormones) - Answer hormones released from neurons negative feedback - Answer response in which the product of a process inhibits...

What are the five characteristics of living things? - Answer Using energy, made of cells, process information(genes), reproduction, and evolution cell theory - Answer all organisms are made of cells and come from pre-existing cells (In aqueous solution) List bonds from weakest to strongest -covalent, hydrogen, ionic - Answer Hydrogen, ionic, covalent What kinds of bonds do carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous form? - Answer Covalent(great for biological sys...

How does one determine the number of covalent bonds an element will likely form? - Answer The number of valence electrons What properties make water an excellent solvent? - Answer Polarity, molecular shape, hydrogen bonding An amphipathic molecule contains what? - Answer Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic zones We find an unknown liquid that is non-polar. When it is placed in water, what can we expect to happen? - Answer The unknown liquid will not dissolve A ne...

Which of the following is NOT true of all living organisms? -All living organisms are capable of reproduction -All living organisms are multicellular -All living things acquire and use energy -All living organisms contain hereditary information that they can pass on to offspring - Answer All living things are multicellular What is the maximum number of chemical bonds a carbon atom can form? - Answer 4 What type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize? - Answer hy...

Gallbladder - Answer stores and concentrates bile Nephron - Answer functional unit of the kidney Testes - Answer produce sperm and reproductive hormones Kidney - Answer Filters waste from the blood like urea, water, salt and proteins. Stomach - Answer Breaks down and digests food Small Intestine - Answer Absorb nutrients and minerals from food Liver - Answer Metabolize nutrients; detoxifies Ovary - Answer Produces eggs and repr...

RNA polymerase are responsible for what? - Answer synthesizing mRNA What is the difference between dNTP and NTP? - Answer NTP has a -OH group on the 2' carbon What is the first thing NTP does? - Answer it attaches to a matching base on the DNA template What is the second thing NTP does? - Answer It cuts off 2 phosphates and catalyzes mRNA formation What does the coding strand in DNA match (w/ the exception of uracil) - Answer RNA! T or F does RNA p...

Plants are different from animals because plant development: - Answer Involves organ formation in adults What are cells of the endocrine system that release molecules called? - Answer Hormones What is a group of organs and cells that produce chemical signals and secretes them into the bloodstream? - Answer Endocrine system What are signals that act on the same cell that secretes them? - Answer Autocrine signals What are signals that diffuse locally and act on ...

The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a characteristic common to all of these extracellular structures? -They must provide a rigid structure that maintains an appropriate ratio of cell surface area to volume. -They are composed of a mixture of lipids and nucleotides. -They must permit information transfer between the cell's cytoplasm and the nucleus. -They must bl...

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An organism that exhibits cephalization probably also: - Answer is bilaterally symmetrical Which of the following structures is responsible for secreting the shell in mollusks? - Answer mantle In examining an unknown animal species during its embryonic development, how can you be sure what you are looking at is a protostome and not a deuterostome? - Answer you see a mouth, but not an anus This semester in BIOL 101, you have learned about the multicellular sponges in th...

What are the major structural units of DNA? - Answer phosphate, sugar and base for a nucleotide which pairs to another nucleotide What kind of bond holds the backbone of DNA together - Answer a strong phosphate bond What are the four bases in DNA - Answer Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine which bases are complimentary - Answer Adenine-Thymine (A-T) Cytosine-Guanine (C-G) What kind of bond holds the bases together in DNA - Answer a weak hydrogen bond ...

Carbohydrates - Answer Sugars and large molecules made from sugars. Key for dietary energy in animals and structural component of plants. Names end in -ose Monomers (carbohydrates) - Answer monosaccharides (building blocks) Polymers (carbohydrates) - Answer Polysaccharides Monomers (proteins) - Answer Amino acids (building blocks) - joined together by a peptide bonds make polymers Polymers (proteins) - Answer Polypeptides (monomers joined together by a p...

What is Biology characterized by? - Answer Reproduction, growth and development, cells, order, energy use, response to the environment, and evolution. Ecology - Answer Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) organisms and their environment How does the ecosystem process energy? - Answer Energy flows into the ecosystem from the sun, solar energy is then converted into chemical energy from producers. Biogeochem...

DNA is wrapped - Answer Around proteins to form chromatin Chromatin twists and folds - Answer To form a chromosome Where are chromosomes stored - Answer In the cell's nucleus What are the building blocks of DNA - Answer nucleotides What are the three parts of nucleotides - Answer 1. Central 5-carbon sugar 2. Negatively charged phosphate 3. Best made of one or two rings of nitrogen and carbon Four bases in a nucleotides - Answer Adenine (A...

Describe features of viruses - Answer o Difficult to treat because there are few effective anti-viral medications o Antibiotics are effective against bacteria, not viruses o Vaccination is often the only medical means to prevent viral illnesses Describe the role of adaptations in viral emergence - Answer Change that provides an advantage to an organism in their environment Model the emergence of viruses - Answer The virus proteins will change their shapes to match and ...

secondary palate - Answer anatomical structure that divides the nasal cavity from the oral cavity in vertebrates located posteriorly; allows for breathing while eating furcula - Answer fused clavicle of birds and some dinosaurs; stabilizes shoulder (wish bone) From which specific reptilian lineage did modern birds descend? - Answer Archosauria List the two major living clades of Archosauria (lead lizard) - Answer Pseudosuchia (crocodiles and their relatives) Ori...

main organs of digestive system - Answer mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary glands alimentary canal - Answer digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus alimentary canal organs - Answer mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus accessory organs of the digestive system - Answer liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary glands four stages food...

Virus - Answer A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell. NOT LIVING ORGANISMS How were viruses discovered? - Answer Viruses were discovered by Dmitry Ivanovsky in 1892 by the usage of a filtration experiment Zika virus - Answer Member of the Flavivirus family. Vector: Mosquitoes. Typically leads to a mild illness and microcephaly. Found in individuals with Guillain-Barre syndrome Microcephaly - Answer Abnormal brain develop...

diffusion - Answer The process by which substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration What determines the direction in which substances diffuse? - Answer high to low concentration What factors can play a role in the speed of diffusion? - Answer temperature and concentration (directly associated) molecular weight (indirectly associated) What is osmosis? What specific substance travels through osmosis? What structure is involved? - A...