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What is perinatal nursing like as a specialty? - Answer - Specialty body of knowledge - Increased complexity - Things can change rapidly - Each situation is unique List some key issues in perinatal nursing - Answer - Feelings about pregnancy - Prenatal care in the 1st trimester - Prenatal classes - Smoking, alcohol, drug use - Stress (preterm labour and/or low birth weight) - Healthy weight (BMI between 18.5%-24.6%) ----35% overweight-obese) - Remote access to services...

Mental health laws protect - Answer Both patients and the caregivers Most patients are admitted - Answer On an emergency involuntary status Involuntary treatments only persist when - Answer Psychiatric professionals confirm there is a mental health problem that interferes with the person's safe functioning What is one of the most important legal concepts in psychiatry? - Answer Confidentiality Unintentional tort - Answer Type of negligence called malp...

Contusion - Answer Escape of blood into tissues causing Ecchymosis Dislocation - Answer Displacement of normal position of opposing bone ends to socket Sprain - Answer Trauma to a joint from a ligament partially or completely torn or stretched by force Strain - Answer Microscopic tear to musculotendinous unit, generally occurs over time RICE & ICES - Answer Rest the injured part Ice immediately Compression with wet elastic bandage Elevation of the e...

A patient who has recently been diagnosed with terminal lung cancer vows to quit smoking if cured. Which Kubler-Ross stage of grief is this patient experiencing? Anger Denial Bargaining Acceptance - Answer Bargaining How do past experiences with loss and grief affect current coping abilities? Past experiences limit coping options. Past experiences make it harder to cope with new experiences. Past experiences enhance current coping by providing coping skills and strategies. P...

Ventricular Septal Defect - Answer an opening in the septum separating the ventricles L to R shunt heart murmur First diagnostic test after heart murmur auscultated - Answer echocardiogram Patent Ductus Arteriosus - Answer abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta *normal in utero L to R shunt Clinical manifestations of increased pulmonary blood flow (L to R shunt) - Answer -tachypnea -trouble eating -trouble gaining wt -congest...

infant's understanding of illness - Answer -unaware of effects but senses parent distress infant responses to hospitalization - Answer -Sleep-wake cycles disrupted -Feeding routines disrupted -Displays excessive irritability -Separation anxiety -starting about 9 months what helps relieve the separation anxiety for infants and toddlers - Answer consistency of nursing care, providers toddler and pre-schooler's understanding of illness - Answer -understandi...

What are Benner's stages of nursing proficiency? - Answer 1. Novice 2. Advanced Beginner 3. Competent 4. Proficient 5. Expert What is the goal of the Scope and Standards of Practice? - Answer To improve the health and well-being of all individuals, communities, and populations through the significant and visible contributions of registered nursing using standards-based practice When did nursing documentation begin? - Answer 1960 What are the six standards of pra...

1 Exam (elaborations) NUR 5461 Patho Quizzes for exam 2 Questions and All Correct Answers 2025-2026 Updated. 2 Exam (elaborations) NUR 5461 path 611 based off of review Questions Exam 4 With Complete Solutions 2025-2026 Updated. 3 Exam (elaborations) NUR 5461 N230B Ch 39 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Questions with Correct Solut

What is the life span of an erythrocyte? (in days) a. 20 to 30 b. 60 to 90 c. 100 to 120 d. 200 to 240 - Answer C What is the role of thromboxane A (TXA2) in the secretion stage of hemostasis? A. Stimulates platelet aggregation. B. Stimulates the synthesis of serotonin C. Promotes formation of cyclooxygenase. D. Promotes vasodilation. - Answer A Which hemoglobin is made from oxidized ferric iron (Fe3+) and lacks the ability to bind oxygen? A. Methemoglobin ...

Exposure to which substance protects the mucosal barrier of the stomach? - Answer Prostaglandins. Prostaglandins and enterogastrones, such as gastric inhibitory peptide, somatostatin, and secretin, inhibit acid secretion. Glucose transport enhances the absorption of which electrolyte? - Answer Sodium. Sodium passes through the tight junctions and is actively transported across cell membranes. Sodium and glucose share a common active transport carrier (sodium-glucose ligand transpo...

How does progressive nephrons injury affect angiotensin II activity? a. Angiotensin II activity is decreased. b. It is elevated. c. Angiotensin II activity is totally suppressed. d. It is not affected. - Answer ANS: B Angiotensin II activity is elevated with progressive nephron injury. This selection is the only accurate identification of the effect of progressive nephron injury on angiotensin II activity. Which mineral accounts for the most common type of renal stone? a. Magn...

Which bone cells produce osteocalcin when stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and synthesize osteoid? a.Osteoclasts c.Fibrocytes b.Osteocytes d.Osteoblasts - Answer ANS D Osteoblasts are cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells and produce several substances, including osteocalcin, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-) (a growth inhibitor for many cells), macrophage colony-stimulating factor, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and bone matr...

What is the most abundant class of plasma protein? - Answer Albumin Albumin (approximately 60% of total plasma protein at a concentration of about 4 g/dL) is the most abundant plasma protein. What is the effect of low plasma albumin? - Answer Osmotic pressure decreases; thus water moves from the capillaries to the interstitial. In the case of decreased production (e.g., cirrhosis, other diffuse liver diseases, protein malnutrition) or excessive loss of albumin (e.g., cer...

What are the differential diagnosis for a breast lump? - Answer -benign cystic change (aka fibrocystic change, fibroadnosis or benign breast change) -fibroadenoma -cyst -carcinoma -fat necrosis -periductal mastitis -abscess -galactocele -phyllodes tumour -sarcoma -duct papilloma -non-breast lumps e.g lipoma, sebaceous cyst, prominent costal cartilage/rib What is the most common diagnosis in people <30 years? - Answer -physiologically normal lumpy breast -benign ...

Cognitive operations cannot occur without the effective functioning of what part of the brain? a. Pons b. Medulla oblongata c. Reticular activating system d. Cingulate gyrus - Answer C Cognitive cerebral functions require a functioning reticular activating system (RAS). Cognitive operations are not managed by the pons, medulla oblongata, or the cingulate gyrus. Which intracerebral disease process is capable of producing diffuse dysfunction? a. Closed-head trauma with bleeding b. ...

auscultation of a murmur in the right sternal border indicates problem with - Answer aortic valve auscultation of a murmur in the left upper sternal border indicates problem with - Answer pulmonic valve auscultation of a murmur in the left lower sternal border indicates problem with - Answer tricuspid valve, aortic valve auscultation of a murmur in the apex indicates problem with - Answer mitral valve causes of aortic stenosis - Answer - bicuspid aortic ...

Which information is correct regarding associational neurons? Associational neurons impulses between two distinct processes arising from the cell body. impulses from peripheral receptors to the CNS. mit impulses to an effector organ. mit impulses from neuron to neuron. - Answer 4. Transmit impulses from neuron to neuron A nurse knows that the premotor area (Brodmann area 6) is nsible for goal-oriented behavior. ved in eye movements. nsible for the motor aspects of speech. ved...

Which of the following is an example of a physical barrier? Antibacterial fatty acids Lysozymes in tears Epithelial cells Earwax - Answer C. Epithelial cells form tight junctions that are a physical barrier to entry for organisms. Which statement is true regarding the inflammatory response? Inflammatory response is the third line of defense. Inflammatory response relies on cellular components only. Inflammatory response generates a nonspecific response. Inflammatory ...

During vomiting, there is: - Answer Deep inspiration, airway closure, forceful diaphragm and abdominal muscle contractions, and esophageal sphincter relaxation Achalasia: a. manifests as regurgitation of chyme b. has denervation of smooth muscle in the esophagus c. occurs in response to sedentary lifestyle d. results in esophageal sphincter relaxation - Answer has denervation of smooth muscle in the esophagus Osmotic diarrhea is caused by: a. nonabsorbable intestinal conte...

The health care professional teaches a group of seniors that the most common clinical manifestation of osteoporosis is which of these? Pathologic fracture Bone pain Muscle strain Bone deformity - Answer Bone deformity Which of these describes how the body compensates for anemia? Kidneys releasing more erythropoietin Hemoglobin holding more firmly onto oxygen Decreasing capillary vasoconstriction Increasing rate and depth of breathing - Answer Increasing rate and depth ...