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Cardiovascular path through the heart - Answer right atrium --> right ventricle --> pulmonary artery --> lungs --> left atrium --> left ventricle --> aorta --> systemic circulation Path of electrical conduct in the heart - Answer 1. SA Node (located in right atrium) depolarizes. Creates action potential. Intrinsic pacemaker. 2. electrical impulse spreads through both right and left atria 3. atria contract 4. impulse reaches AV node 5. impulse travels thro...

circumstances helps increase enzyme activity in a muscle? - Answer o Increased substrate concentration o Increase temperature up to 37 degrees Which of the following statements is true concerning the cell membrane? - Answer Always negative The primary mechanism responsible for maintaining the resting membrane potential of a neuron - Answer active pumping of sodium and potassium ions across the neuronal membrane by the sodium-potassium pump the speed of a neural impuls...

What is cardiovascular drift? - Answer phenomenon where some cardiovascular responses begin a time dependent change, or "drift" after around 10 minutes of exercise in a warm or neutral environment without an increase in workload. Understand how acute exercise effects the cardiovascular system (SV, Q, a-VO2, BP, blood flow redistribution, etc.) - Answer stroke volume: increases during with intensity (40-60%) - supine position increases SV b/c gravity eliminated cardiac ou...

Muscle proteins synthesis is controlled in large part by an enzyme called mTOR. Indicate whether the condition below would increase mTOR activity, decrease mTOR activity, or have essentially no change: eating high fat meal - Answer Decrease Muscle proteins synthesis is controlled in large part by an enzyme called mTOR. Indicate whether the condition below would increase mTOR activity, decrease mTOR activity, or have essentially no change: increasing pre-workout protein intake from 30g t...

Using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)to determine body composition, the results will be affected if the person... A. is dehydrated B. holds their breath C. is an amputee D. tenses their muscles during the measurement - Answer A Why is severe calorie restriction a poor strategy for sustained, long term weight loss? A. it can lead to anemia B. it causes a reduction in resting metabolic rate C. it causes a sever reduction in growth hormone secretion D. it can lead to di...

If lung (intrapulmonic) pressure is less than atmospheric pressure, which way does air flow? A. into the lung B. out of the lung C. it is not possible for lung pressure to be less than atmospheric pressure - Answer A The ventilatory breakpoint (or ventilatory threshold) is caused by.... A. a lack of oxygen in exercising muscles B. a lack of carbohydrate to fuel exercise C. a left shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve D. non-metabolic CO2 production from the buffe...

fast twitch a - Answer type of muscle fiber that makes up 25% of all muscle fibers fast twitch x - Answer type of muscle fiber that makes up about 22-24% of all muscle fibers fast twitch c - Answer type of muscle fiber that makes up 1-3% of all muscle fibers myosin ATPase - Answer Muscle fiber types are identified in the lab by a chemical stain that acts on _______, or by gel electrophoresis genetics - Answer muscle fiber type is mainly determined by ___...

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consciousness - Answer is the awareness of internal and external stimuli electroencephalograph - Answer a device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp biological rhythms - Answer are periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning circadian rhythms - Answer are the 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species electromyograph. (EMG) - Answer ...

Declarative Memory refers to - Answer conscious memory (i.e. facts we have learned - semantic memory, and events we have experienced - episodic memory) Non-conscious that cannot be verbally reported; expressed through performance (procedural memory) - Answer Nondeclarative Memory The Three Levels of Memory Processing are: - Answer (1) Encoding (2) Storage (3) Retrieval The level where incoming information and experiences are processed creating memory traces is calle...

Stroop task - Answer cognitive interference where delay in reaction time bc mismatch w stimuli word and colour introspection - Answer examine yourself and ur conscious thoughts and feelings within thinking structuralism - Answer taking a complex phenomenon and breaking it down into make makes it what it is behaviourism - Answer human behaviour, associated learning emphasized rejected mind (can't see it, cant study) drawback: not understanding genesis of me...

What are the three types of neutrons? - Answer Motor Neurons: communicate motor signals Sensory neurons: absorb information from the environment. Interneurons: important for knowledge, memory, problem solving, attention, cognitive processes in general. What are the parts that make up a neuron? - Answer Dendrites: the neuro antenna. Part of the neuron that receives signals from the other neuron. Axon: "information highway" when a neuron decides to send a signal, s...

What is cognitive psychology? - Answer The scientific study of mental processes What is cognitive neuroscience - Answer The scientific study of the influence of brain structures on mental processes What are brain markers? - Answer Specific brain activity that marks illness or disease What are the primary challenges of neuroscience? - Answer Examine the effects of drugs Mapping cognitive development to neurological development Rehabilitating injured brains ...

Aggregate field theory - Answer Brain = 1 large, non-specialized thing (any part of brain can perform any function) →Bc rat lesioning research showed that rats could be fine w/out all parts of their brain Localization of function - Answer Specific parts of the brain perform specific functions →Phrenology was in favour of this, although phrenology itself was an incorrect practice Evidence for localization of function - Answer 1. Broca's Area: Broca's aphasia me...

cognitive psychology - Answer is the study of mental processes (behavior) cognitive neuroscience - Answer - is focused on the biology of the mind that is related the workings of the mind to the functions of the brain (biology) - a wealth of important real world applications (identifies neural signatures, biological marker to specific diseases) cautionary notes to neuroscience - Answer - young science - a wealth of empirical results - theories are challenged to keep up ...

hindsight bias - Answer the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it theory - Answer a body of related propositions intended to describe some aspect of the world attitude - Answer positive or negative evaluations that predispose behavior toward an object, person, or situation modern racism - Answer prejudice directed at racial groups that exists alongside the rejection of explicitly racist beliefs social facilitation - An...

Rene Descartes - Answer Believed that the body (including the brain) had material properties and worked like a machine, whereas the mind was non-material and thus did not follow the laws of nature Dualism - Answer seeing mind and body as two different things that interact Thomas Willis - Answer founder of clinical neuroscience; isolated brain damage (biology) could affect behaviour (psychology) Joseph Gall - Answer Bumps on the skull determine personality (phreno...

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"Julien Savulescu defined the "yuk factor" as:" "Julien Savulescu defined the "yuk factor" as:" a) a reasoned response to moral dilemmas b) a primarily deontological approach c) a primarily virtue-driven approach d) primarily a justification for the wrongness of incest e) none of the above - Answer E "Metaethics is best described as:" a) Focused on the specifics of ethics b) Focused on the scope of the principle of utility c) Focused on the nature ...

Meta-ethics - Answer -fundamental beliefs that contextualize your ethical beliefs -its the big idea; context and concept -pure theory about right and wrong Ethics - Answer -deciding what is right and wrong—the application part what is the hardest part about ethics? - Answer -action: the ability to follow through meta-ethics takes place_________ ethics - Answer -outside realism - Answer -universal truths (facts), exist outside the mind -build up en...