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4 ways to acquire parasites - Answer 1. Bites 2. Water 3. Environment 4. Food Endoparasites vs ectoparasites - Answer Endoparasites live in the host and cause infections, anaerobic respiration and permanent Ectoparasites live on host and cause infection, aerobic respiration and can be temporary, intermittent or permanent Permanent parasites - Answer Parasite completed life cycle on/in host till medical intervention Endoparasite vs ectoparasite nutrients - Answer Endo ...

Normal flora - Answer microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses) that are found in or on the body Microbiome - Answer over 500 bacterial species that outnumber somatic cells 10 to 1 Fungiome - Answer small proportion of fungi to the body; imbalances in the fungiome can lead to pathological conditions Symbionts - Answer both organisms benefit from one another Pathobionts - Answer potentially pathological organisms that live as symbionts Commensals - Answer one orga...

What are some examples of mucous membranes? - Answer oral cavity, nasal cavity, vagina, skin, gut Define symbionts - Answer close physical association b/w organisms, both benefit What type of bacteria compose the skin microbiome? - Answer gram pos bacilli and cocci 1) staph aureus 2) Coryneform bacteria "Diphtheroid" 3) Propionibacterium spp. The skin microbiome has coagulase positive bacteria, what does this mean? - Answer coagulase = enzyme in microorganisms tha...

Symbiont - Answer Organism living close to body both benefiting from each other Pathobiont - Answer Pathological disease-causing organisms Commensal - Answer Organism on body that benefits from host but host doesn't benefit or get damaged (neutral) Normal organism in nasal cavity - Answer Streptococcus pneumoniae Normal organism in oral cavity - Answer Viridans streptococci Normal organisms in gut (4) - Answer 1. Bacteroides fragility 2. E. coli 3. Enteroc...

1 Exam (elaborations) Microbiology Test Questions and All Solved Solutions. 2 Exam (elaborations) Microbiology Exam Latest Questions And 100% Correct Answers 2026 Updated. 3 Exam (elaborations) MICR 271 Final - Mod 5 Questions and All Solved Solutions.

D - Answer Which of the following is a eukaryotic domain in the three-domain system? A. Archaea B. Fungi C. Bacteria D. Eukarya A - Answer Who was the first to observe microorganisms with a microscope? A. van Leeuwenhoek B. Hooke C. Koch D. Pasteur E. None of the above B - Answer These are the primary molecules making up membranes in cells: A. Proteins B. Phospholipids C. Nucleic acids D. Carbohydrates E. None of the above A - Answer Aerobic respiration differs...

rod-shaped bacteria - Answer s. bacillus, pl. bacilli spherical bacteria - Answer s. coccus, pl. cocci common-shaped bacteria - Answer s vibrio, pl. vibrios spiral shapes bacteria - Answer s. spirillum, pl. spirilla pleiomorphic shaped bacteria - Answer varied shapes spirochetes - Answer spiral bacteria with axial filaments axial filaments - Answer special structure used for locomotion hyphae multicellular organization - Answer branching filaments of ...

what is role of microbes in ocean? - Answer basis of food chain, and can decompose waste generated by others how do marine microbes interact with host? - Answer lyse host (bacteria, eukaryotes), releasing organic matter/nutrients into the environment what are example of functions of commensal bacteria in plants? - Answer promote plant growth, prevent pathogen. i.e. bacteria that fix nitrogen (use it to make aa's and nucleotides) how can behaviour impact microbiomes? - Answer...

Bacterial populations grow through which process - Answer Binary fisison Binary fission begins with - Answer with replication of the baterial chromosome as an individual cell grows During the binary fission, further cell growth leads to - Answer an invagination of the cell wall until the separate daughter cells are pinched off Chromosome replication in daughter cells begins before they are separated for what reason? - Answer This allows division of each daughter cell to occu...

What type of chromosomes do bacteria contain? - Answer Circular What direction do circular chromosomes replicate in? - Answer Bi-directional! What is the oriC? - Answer The origin, where DNA replication begins. This site is AT-rich and thus is separated easier than G-C regions. What happens once the DNA strands are separated? - Answer The replication forks will proceed in opposite directions. This is driven by the replisome, before the two forks meet at the termination site....

How do bacterial populations divide? - Answer Binary fission. 1. Chromosome replication 2. Continued growth 3. Division into two daughter cells. What is one of the proposed ways PG layers grow? - Answer Osmotic pressure exerted by the cytosol on the PG. What are some of the ways bacteria become old? - Answer 1. Inherit damaged DNA, damaged proteins, or old cell material at the "old pole" 2. Activation of defense systems (M) rather than growth systems (G) What is meta...

what is a virion? - Answer genetic material surrounded by protein capsid what is the difference between enveloped viruses and nonenveloped viruses? - Answer enveloped: surrounded by lipid bilayer, lipids and carbohydrates and proteins non-enveloped: simplest virion, capsid made of protein what are the 5 steps to the bacteriophage assembly line? - Answer 1. infection 2. replication of viral genetic information 3. production of viral proteins 4. assembly of viruses 5....

3 Domains - Answer 1)Archaea 2)Bacteria 3)Eukaryota Endosymbiont Theory Definition - Answer Eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes based on similarities found between bacteria and mitochondria Microbe Definition - Answer microscopic living organism that may be single celled (prokaryotic) or multicellular (eukaryotic) _____________ is abundant in the atmosphere but only a few species of microbes can use it in this form - Answer Nitrogen The total biomass on Earth of bacteri...

3 Domains of life - Answer Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya Endosymbiont theory - Answer - eukaryotes evolved more complex structures and metabolic processes by building upon prokaryotic attributes - evolutionary connection between prokaryotes and eukaryotes - similarities between bacteria and mitochondria - mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from free-living bact via symbiosis w/in a eukaryotic host cell to have 2 key differences: these organelles contain their own DNA and a distinc...

How do bacterial cells divide? - Answer binary fission - replication of chromosome, cellular growth, daughter cells are pinched off replication begins before d-cells are pinched off How do bacterial cells age? - Answer senescence... -inherit old cell material from "old" pole (side of cell wall inherited from parent cell) -inherit damaged DNA -inherit damaged proteins -activation of damage defense systems instead of growth systems Distinguish between the growth behaviors in...

Replisome Speed - Answer eukaryotic slower - must displace nucleosomes, cell-dependent regulation of replication multiple initiation sites to compensate Bacterial Replication Forks - Answer 1. Helicase unwinds DNA, lagging strand coated with single stranded binding proteins, RNA primer synthesized by primase 2. DNA Pol III holoenzyme tethered to DNA by beta clamp, loaded by t-clamp loader 3. 1 Pol III core leading strand synthesis (continuous) 4. 2 Pol III cores lagging stra...

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Sleep _________ have been linked to a host of student issues, including poor academic performance, weight gain, increased alcohol use, accidents, daytime drowsiness, relationship issues, depression, and other problems. - Answer Deficiencies Researchers in a recent study assessing biological changes associated with using _______ light devices like tablets or smartphones showed significant decreases in _________, a hormone that helps people fall asleep. While sleepless nights are an initial ...

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), ______________ is not merely an absence of disease or infirmity but a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. - Answer Health T/F: In 1900, the average life expectancy in America was half of what it is today. - Answer True Infectious communicable diseases are transmitted from one person to another through a series of steps or links, called the ______________________________________ - Answer Chain of Infection ...

According to the World Health Organization's definition " Health isn't merely the absence of - Answer disease or infirmity but a complete state of physical mental and social well being Define physical dimension of health - Answer activities that are essential to function Define social dimensions of health - Answer the ability to have a broad social network & maintain satisfying interpersonal relationships with dried, family members, and partners Define intellectual dim...