- Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Which of the following is INCORRECT about phosphate esters? - The bonds between phosphorus and oxygen are equivalent -Phosphorus is pentavalent -The phosphate group in glucose 6-phosphate has 3 negative charges -the phosphorus atom is sp3 hybridized -displacement reactions occur with inversion of configuration - Answer The phosphate group in glucose 6-phosphate has 3 negative charges (only 2) Which of the following is INCORRECT about NAD+/NADH or FAD/FADH2? -FAD/FADH2 can undergo ...

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4 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Mcb 354 Final Review Questions & Answers

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2 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

Greaterheights

MCB 354 Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS Uncompetitive inhibition and Lineweaver-burk plots - CORRECT ANSWER inhibitors bind only to the ES complex, not to free E Uncompetitive Vmax is decreased by conversion of some E to ESI, cannot be overcome with high [S], therefore y intercept is increased Km also decreased because I binding shifts equilibrium from E + S to ES, therefore x-intercept becomes more negative Vmax/Km slope is unchanged! but parallel lines ...

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24 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

STANFORDTOPGRADES

MCB 354 Exam 2 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 3 Major classes of Lipids: - CORRECT ANSWER -Sphingolipids -Sterols -Glycerophospholipids Important FUNCTIONS of Ion Channels - CORRECT ANSWER movement -Selective for specific ions -Ability to regulate access of the ion Important STRUCTURES of Ion Channels - CORRECT ANSWER Pore Domain -The domain which selectively filters ions -The domain that senses environmental stimuli -The domain that act as gates for ion flow -High...

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8 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

STANFORDTOPGRADES

This document contains exam notes for MCB 354 Exam 4, covering key microbiology concepts, course topics, and important study material for examination preparation. It is designed to help students review essential microbiological principles and prepare effectively for their exam. The material supports microbiology exam review by reinforcing core concepts, scientific processes, and course-related knowledge.

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33 pages

Written in 2026/2027

Grade A+

homestudy590

Which of the following is CORRECT about ATP synthase? A) The Fo component moves protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space. B) When bound to F1, the equilibrium constant for formation of ATP from ADP and Pi is 10-4. C) The F1 component is located in the intermembrane space. D) The rotation of the c-ring is bidirectional. E) None of the above. - Answer E Which of the following is INCORRECT about the synthesis of palmitic acid (16:0)? A) It occurs in the mitochondrial...

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4 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

TestSolver9

1. Provide explanations for the following experiments conducted with intact mitochondria. (Add ADP +P, Add Succinate, Add CN- - Answer Addition of succinate: ATP synthesis and electron transfer (using electrons from succinate to reduce O2 by Complex IV) both require ADP and Pi and a source of electrons (succinate). When O2 is prevented by CN- from binding to Complex IV, proton pumping by Complex IV must stop. Also, because cytochrome c cannot be oxidized, H+ pumping by Complex III must st...

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4 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

TestSolver9

advantages of using fatty acids as fuel - Answer high energy content because they are so highly reduced compact, stored in an anhydrous state (lipid droplets), no osmotic effect on the cell chemically stable disadvantages of using fatty acids as fuel - Answer insoluble in water what is the primary pathway of fatty acid catabolism? - Answer B-oxidation converts fatty acid to acetyl CoA where does acetyl CoA go to be further catabolized? - Answer TCA cycle ->...

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7 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

TestSolver9

Uncompetitive inhibition and Lineweaver-burk plots - Answer Uncompetitive inhibitors bind only to the ES complex, not to free E Vmax is decreased by conversion of some E to ESI, cannot be overcome with high [S], therefore y-intercept is increased Km also decreased because I binding shifts equilibrium from E + S to ES, therefore x-intercept becomes more negative Vmax/Km slope is unchanged! but parallel lines become shifted toward the negative x as [I] increases V0 = Vmax[S]/(Km ...

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21 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

TestSolver9

enantiomers - Answer two stereoisomers that are mirror images of one another properties of carbons - Answer complex chains, form four bonds, can form single or double bonds, sp3 hybridized or sp2 which type of chiral amino acids are found in nature? - Answer L-amino acids, have an @ configuration for chiral carbon except glycine and cysteine diasteromers - Answer not mirror images, differ at one or more chiral carbon epimer - Answer differ at a single ch...

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8 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

TestSolver9

What are the two types of pathways - Answer 1. Catabolic 2. Anabolic Anabolic Pathways - Answer Metabolic pathways that consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones. They are Diverging (start from a common group and branch out -- Acetyl CoA) Biosynthetic Catabolic Pathway - Answer A metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds. Converging Pathways (all end with Acetyl CoA) Degradative Cyclic p...

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25 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

What is the starting point for carbon atom labeling in organic chemistry? - Answer Start from the carboxyl carbon (C=O) and label as α, β, γ, etc. Which amino acid is the only non-chiral amino acid? - Answer Glycine What system is used to denote chirality in organic chemistry? - Answer R/S system What system is used for chirality in biochemistry? - Answer D/L system, based on glyceraldehyde What does a low pKa value indicate about a group? - Answer It...

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7 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

Enzymes from which of the following pathways are utilized for fatty acid synthesis? A. glycolysis B. the citric acid cycle c. pentose phosphate pathway d. all of the above e. none of the above - Answer d. all of the above How are fatty acids larger than 16 carbons formed? A. by elongation reactions catalyzed by enzymes on the endoplasmic reticulum b. by 1-carbon addition at the mitochondrial membrane c. by elongation reactions catalyzed by enzymes in the peroxisomes d. all...

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8 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

What does acetyl-CoA look like? - Answer A critical factor in metabolism is...? - Answer -enzyme catalysis What is enzyme catalysis? - Answer -accelerates reactions -allows the cell to regulate reaction rates, which control the flux of metabolites through a pathway What is common in metabolic pathways? - Answer -coupling or linkage of enzyme reactions -unfavorable reaction with a favorable reaction (drives overall reaction forward) What is anabolism? - Answ...

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24 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

S2 Which of the following peptides will have the strongest absorbance at 280 nm? 1. ktwyaarwe 2. lileerarye 3. ppsghpfre 4. kstkwnqre - Answer ktwyaarwe S2 Which statement is false? 1. The electron density within the unit cell is mathematically related to the diffraction pattern via a Fourier transform. 2. Bragg's Law relates the positions of reflections in a diffraction pattern to the unit cell dimensions. 3. The unit cell is repeated through translational symmetry...

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7 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

. Compare and contrast anabolic and catabolic pathways. Include the types of substrates and products as well as the identities of the molecules that "store" chemical energy. - Answer Catabolic pathways are degradative, making energy-depleted products that are excreted and storing the chemical energy obtained from energy-containing substrates in the form of ATP, NADH, NADPH, and FADH2. Anabolic pathways are synthetic, converting "small" precursor molecules to the components of m...

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4 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

Which complexes in the Electron Transport Chain pump protons - Answer Complex I,III,and IV Which complexes in the Electron Transport Chain do not pump protons - Answer Complex II From coenzyme Q to complex III how many electrons are transferred? - Answer 2 electrons come in as QH2 and 2 electrons leave as 2 molecules of reduced Cytochrome C From Cytochrome C to complex IV how many electrons are transferred? - Answer 4 electrons are transferred from reduced Cytoch...

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7 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

What are the linear polysaccharides? - Answer amylose, cellulose What are the branched polysaccharides? - Answer glycogen and starch How do you calculate the amount of stereoisomers in a sugar? - Answer n chiral centers= 2^n stereoisomers What denotes a D sugar from an L sugar in the linear conformation? - Answer D: last OH group on right L: last OH group on left What are epimers? - Answer stereoisomers that differ only in configuration around one carbo...

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10 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

3 Major classes of Lipids: - Answer -Glycerophospholipids -Sphingolipids -Sterols Important FUNCTIONS of Ion Channels - Answer -High Conductance for Ion movement -Selective for specific ions -Ability to regulate access of the ion Important STRUCTURES of Ion Channels - Answer -The highly conductive Pore Domain -The domain which selectively filters ions -The domain that senses environmental stimuli -The domain that act as gates for ion flow Two structural Motifs f...

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7 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

Liquid-ordered (Lo) State - Answer Gel like state, strongly constrained, long saturated fatty acids will be in this state until heated Liquid-disordered (Ld) State - Answer State where chains are in constant motion. Short chains or unsaturated fatty acids will be found in this state How does sterol content affect bilayer fluidity - Answer Having more sterol groups such as cholesterol causes phospholipids attraction to membrane, REDUCING movement and compacting fatty acids...

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16 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

COCOSOLUTIONS

MCB 354 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Answers...

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7 pages

Written in 2025/2026

Grade A+

Zayla