BIO PCB 4023

The cell membrane is a dynamic structure composed of a phospholipid bilayer, featuring hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing fluid movement and forming lipid rafts with embedded cholesterol and proteins. It functions as a boundary, controlling permeability and maintaining the internal environment. The membrane supports selective transport and cell signaling through specialized and receptor proteins. Phospholipids can rotate, move laterally, and rarely flip, with fluidity affected by ...

Immunofluorescence is a powerful microscopy technique that uses fluorescent markers to visualize specific cellular structures and proteins. It involves the use of antibodies to target particular antigens, with secondary antibodies tagged with fluorophores to emit visible signals. This method allows scientists to determine protein locations within cells. One of its key advantages is the flexibility in color selection, enabling the simultaneous labeling of multiple proteins in a single image. Indi...

Cells are made up of atoms, which consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The main elements in living organisms are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Chemical bonds—covalent, ionic, and hydrogen—are formed based on electron interactions and electronegativity. Four major macromolecules support cell function: carbohydrates (energy and structure), proteins (cell functions), nucleic acids (genetic information), and lipids (membranes and energy storage). Key chemical reactions include ...

What is the cell theory? Correct Answer: 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the smallest living things 3. Cells arise only by the division of a previously existing cell Fill in the blank Correct Answer: basic Which of these is NOT a postulate of cell theory? A. All cells come from a previous cell B. Cells are the smallest unit of life C. All cells have a nucleus D. All living organisms are composed of at the least one cell. Correct Answer: c. When t...

Which are the different types of tissue that exist? Correct Answer: 1.Epithelia 2.Connective 3.Muscle 4. Nervous Tissue Microvilli is found on what cells? Correct Answer: Epithelia Types of Epithelia Correct Answer: 1. Simple squamous 2.Simple cuboidal/cubical 3.Simple columnar 4.Pseudostratified columnar 5.Stratified squamous 6.Stratified cuboidal 7.Transitional 8.Specialized epithelia-Goblet cells Where are connective tissue cells located? Correct Answer: ECM What are...

Which of the following structures is the smallest? A. chloroplast B. lipid bilayer C. mitochondrion D. DNA molecule D. DNA molecule Which of the following is NOT evidence that cells are highly complex and organized? A. Organelles have a very distinct shape and location B. Each type of organelle has a consistent composition of macromolecules C. Many of the most basic processes within a cell are distinct in all organisms D. DNA duplication occurs with a very small error rate C. Ma...

Amiloride Correct Answer: endocytotic inhibitor that is selective Na+/H+ antiport inhibitor of macropinocytosis but not any of micropinocytotic processes Nystatin Correct Answer: endocytotic inhibitor that inhibits lipid raft-caveolae micropinocytosis in mammalian cells Chloropromazine Correct Answer: endocytotic inhibitor of clathrin-coated pit formation in micropinocytosis by reverse translocation of clathrin from plasma membrane to intracellular vesicles What does horseradish pero...

chemistry and macromolecules of the cell

translation at the ER