PSYC 101 Modules 1–10 Exams & Final Exam
– Introduction to Psychology (2026) | Verified
Q&A – Portage Learning
Q001
Topic: History/Research Methods
Stem: In 2025, a meta-analysis examined whether studies with university student samples
over-represent effect sizes for cognitive tasks.
Question: Which historical issue in psychology does this concern directly revisit?
Options:
A. The mind–body problem
B. The replication crisis and sample diversity
C. Nature vs. nurture
D. The structure–function debate
(Correct: B)
Rationale:
● Answer: B
● Why (2026 Standard): Over-reliance on WEIRD samples has been flagged since
the 2010s; recent meta-analyses still show inflated effects when samples lack
diversity.
, ● Errors: A, C, D are classic debates but not about sampling bias.
Q002
Topic: Biological Bases
Stem: During fMRI scanning, a participant shows decreased default-mode-network
activity while performing n-back tasks.
Question: Which psychological state is most strongly indicated?
Options:
A. Mind-wandering
B. Externally directed attention
C. REM dreaming
D. Sensory adaptation
(Correct: B)
Rationale:
● Answer: B
● Why (2026 Standard): DMN suppression correlates with externally focused,
effortful cognition in 2024–25 connectivity studies.
● Errors: A = DMN increase; C = different network pattern; D = peripheral, not
central.
Q003
Topic: Sensation/Perception
,Stem: A 2026 study measures the just-noticeable difference (JND) for haptic pressure on
the forearm at 5% increment.
Question: Which theory predicts this JND will double when baseline pressure increases
from 10 g to 20 g?
Options:
A. Signal-detection theory
B. Weber’s law
C. Feature-integration theory
D. Opponent-process theory
(Correct: B)
Rationale:
● Answer: B
● Why (2026 Standard): Weber’s law states ΔI/I = k; JND grows proportionally with
intensity.
● Errors: A deals with criterion, not increment; C visual search; D color/emotion.
Q004
Topic: Consciousness
Stem: A participant in a 2026 sleep-lab study exhibits sleep-onset REM periods
(SOREMPs) twice in 8 minutes and reports cataplexy triggers.
Question: Which diagnosis is supported?
Options:
, A. Insomnia disorder
B. Narcolepsy type 1
C. Obstructive sleep apnea
D. REM sleep-behaviour disorder
(Correct: B)
Rationale:
● Answer: B
● Why (2026 Standard): SOREMPs + cataplexy are pathognomonic for narcolepsy
type 1 per DSM-5-TR and ICSD-3-TR.
● Errors: A = sleep continuity; C = breathing; D = motor agitation.
Q005
Topic: Learning
Stem: In a 2026 virtual-reality experiment, a tone (CS) is paired with a brief shock (US)
while participants navigate a maze. After acquisition, the tone alone elevates skin
conductance.
Question: Which learning phenomenon has been demonstrated?
Options:
A. Operant extinction
B. Classical conditioning
C. Latent learning
– Introduction to Psychology (2026) | Verified
Q&A – Portage Learning
Q001
Topic: History/Research Methods
Stem: In 2025, a meta-analysis examined whether studies with university student samples
over-represent effect sizes for cognitive tasks.
Question: Which historical issue in psychology does this concern directly revisit?
Options:
A. The mind–body problem
B. The replication crisis and sample diversity
C. Nature vs. nurture
D. The structure–function debate
(Correct: B)
Rationale:
● Answer: B
● Why (2026 Standard): Over-reliance on WEIRD samples has been flagged since
the 2010s; recent meta-analyses still show inflated effects when samples lack
diversity.
, ● Errors: A, C, D are classic debates but not about sampling bias.
Q002
Topic: Biological Bases
Stem: During fMRI scanning, a participant shows decreased default-mode-network
activity while performing n-back tasks.
Question: Which psychological state is most strongly indicated?
Options:
A. Mind-wandering
B. Externally directed attention
C. REM dreaming
D. Sensory adaptation
(Correct: B)
Rationale:
● Answer: B
● Why (2026 Standard): DMN suppression correlates with externally focused,
effortful cognition in 2024–25 connectivity studies.
● Errors: A = DMN increase; C = different network pattern; D = peripheral, not
central.
Q003
Topic: Sensation/Perception
,Stem: A 2026 study measures the just-noticeable difference (JND) for haptic pressure on
the forearm at 5% increment.
Question: Which theory predicts this JND will double when baseline pressure increases
from 10 g to 20 g?
Options:
A. Signal-detection theory
B. Weber’s law
C. Feature-integration theory
D. Opponent-process theory
(Correct: B)
Rationale:
● Answer: B
● Why (2026 Standard): Weber’s law states ΔI/I = k; JND grows proportionally with
intensity.
● Errors: A deals with criterion, not increment; C visual search; D color/emotion.
Q004
Topic: Consciousness
Stem: A participant in a 2026 sleep-lab study exhibits sleep-onset REM periods
(SOREMPs) twice in 8 minutes and reports cataplexy triggers.
Question: Which diagnosis is supported?
Options:
, A. Insomnia disorder
B. Narcolepsy type 1
C. Obstructive sleep apnea
D. REM sleep-behaviour disorder
(Correct: B)
Rationale:
● Answer: B
● Why (2026 Standard): SOREMPs + cataplexy are pathognomonic for narcolepsy
type 1 per DSM-5-TR and ICSD-3-TR.
● Errors: A = sleep continuity; C = breathing; D = motor agitation.
Q005
Topic: Learning
Stem: In a 2026 virtual-reality experiment, a tone (CS) is paired with a brief shock (US)
while participants navigate a maze. After acquisition, the tone alone elevates skin
conductance.
Question: Which learning phenomenon has been demonstrated?
Options:
A. Operant extinction
B. Classical conditioning
C. Latent learning
