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Samenvatting Thoraxpathologie - Prof. Dr. Weynands

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Dit document is een samenvatting van alles wat je moet kennen voor het deel thoraxpathologie van het examen Ademahling. Dit document is gebaseerd op de slides en mijn notities met oog voor details, volledigheid en structuur. Het document is aangevuld met histologische beelden vanuit de les. Veel succes!

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ADEMHALING – THORAXPATHOLOGIE
PROF. DR. WEYNANDS


INHOUDSOPGAVE

1. Introductie ........................................................................................................................... 2
2. Infecties ............................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Algemeen ...............................................................................................................................4
2.2 type longinfecties ....................................................................................................................5
2.2.1 Bacteriële longinfecties...............................................................................................5
2.2.2 Virale longinfectie .......................................................................................................6
2.2.3 Complicaties van longinfecties ....................................................................................7
3. neoplasie van long en mediastinum ...................................................................................... 9
3.1 Tumoren .................................................................................................................................9
3.2 metastasen ........................................................................................................................... 12
3.3 Immunohistochemie ............................................................................................................. 13
3.4 Moleculaire biologie .............................................................................................................. 14
4. pleurale aandoeningen ........................................................................................................14
5. obstructieve longziekten ..................................................................................................... 19
6. interstitieel longlijden.......................................................................................................... 22
7. pulmonale circulatie ........................................................................................................... 25




1

,1. INTRODUCTIE

Macroscopie
 Gladde oppervlakte bekleed met viscerale pleura
 3 lobben aan de rechter kant, normaal gewicht: 400-450 g
 2 lobben aan de linker kant, normaal gewicht: 300-350 g


Broncho-vasculair systeem
 Trachea
 Hoofdbronchi
 Lobaire bronchi
 Segmentaire bronchi
→ monden uit in specifieke delen long
o Rechts: 10
o Link: 9
=> eigen beademing + vascularisatie
→ kunnen zo bepaalde stukje reseceren
 Bronchioli
→ geen kraakbeen meer aanwezig
 Lobulus
> acini die zelfde architectuur hebben
o Localisatie
 Basis naar pleura toe
 Apex naar hilaire structuren toe
o Pathologie
 Centrolobulair
 Subpleuraal
 subseptaal
 Acinus: respiratoire bronchili + alveolaire sacculi + alveolair ductus


Dubbele arteriële vascularisatie
 Bronchiale bevloeiing loopt gelijk met aftakkingen v bronchiolen
 A. pulmonalis
→ monden uit in alveolaire structuren (interstitium)
=> O2-rijk bloed weggevoerd via v. pulmonalis via septa
 Bronchiale arteries


Microscopie
Bronchus
 Pseudogestratifieerd gecillieerd epitheel


2

,  Trilhaarcellen
 Slijmbekercellen
 Endocriene cellen
 Basale cellen
 Basale laag
 Stroma
 Bronchiale klieren
 Glad spierweefsel
 Kraakbeen


Bronchiolen
 Geen kraakbeen
→ kunnen dus helemaal vernauwen bij bronchoconstrictie
 Vnl glad spierweefsel


Longparenchym
> alveolen
 Alveolaire holten met elkaar verbonden → uitgebreid netwerk
 In alveolen zelf: enkel histiocyten
 Interalveolaire septa bekleed met pneumocyten
 In alveolaire septa: capillairen voor gasuitwisseling




Broncho-alveolaire barrière
 Surfactant (lipoproteineus materiaal) op oppervlakte
o Geproduceerd door type 2 pneumocyten
 Type 1 pneumocyten
o Bekleden het meeste deel
o Gevoelig aan agressie
o Regeneratie door pneumocyten type 2
 BM epitheliaal
 Stroma
> elastische vezels + enkele inflammatoire cellen (histiocyten)
→ collageenvezels

3

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