KINS 4400 TEST 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Ergogenic aid - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Substances and phenomena that enhance athletic performance
What are some suggested ergogenic aids? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Human growth hormone, Blood
doping, Platelet rich plasma, Hypnosis, Cupping
What are the categories of ergogenic aids? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Drugs, nutrition, equipment, and
psychology
What are whole body cryosuana? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Basically this cold sauna that athletes use
What is the purpose of the whole body cryosauna? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅To perform faster or
recover faster
What are the four considerations with ergogenic aids? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Safe, Legal, Ethical,
Effective
Describe Costello 2012 study on cryosauna? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Looked at cryosauna and maximal
voluntary isometric contraction and peak power output
36 people randomized to -166 or +59 F
Conclusion: Whole body cryotherapy did not effect maximal voluntary isometric contraction or peak
power output
Describe the Summers 2014 study.? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Conclusion from 8 studies: The current
evidence for the efficacy of WBC on exercise recovery is unclear
Describe the Costello 2016 study? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Conclusion from 4 best studies: The evidence
does not support the hypothesis that WBC reduces soreness or improve subjective recovery.
,Which two US olympic athletes used the cryosauna therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Mo Farah and
Galen Rupp
Which athlete used cupping in the US olympics? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Michael Phelps
What are the NON-SCIENTIFIC ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Non-Scientific
Ways of Effectiveness / Types of Evidence
1. Intuition
2. Personal experience
3. Testimonial
4. Group majority opinion/behavior
5. Opinion of experts
What is intuition? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Gut feeling
Whos is Egas Moniz? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅He is the one who developed lobotomy to treat
schizophrenia. He claimed it worked. Won the 1949 Nobel Prize for it.
Only 9 individuals in his study.
Described the Lerner 2005 study? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Looked at lobotomy and discovered that it
does not treat anything and is actually harmful.
What does Egas Moniz and lobotomy have to do with the ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅It is an example of the non-scientific way of knowing effectiveness, specifically opinions of
experts. He was a neurologist and people believed his claims were true since he was an expert.
What is an example of testimonial? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Tom Brady stating that the chiropractor
keeps him one step ahead of the game
, What did the Minors 2010 study show? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Conclusion based on evidence: There is
insufficient evidence that chiropractor treatment improves sport performance
What are the SCIENTIFIC ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Describe
2. Predict
3. Explain
4. Accumulate the evidence
Explain "Describe" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Describe -
Observed case or group - stimulates thinking
Careful observations
Explain "Predict" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Predict -
Correlational studies - Yields an estimate of the magnitude of the association, quantified by effect size r
Explain "Explain" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Explain -
Experiments - Can rule out alternative explanations for correlations and yields estimates of the
magnitude an effect, quantified by a family of effect sizes including delta
Explain "Accumulate the evidence" in terms of ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Accumulate the evidence - Narrative reviews by experts and quantitative reviews that
systematically summarizes all the effect sizes
What is an example of descriptive research in sport psychology? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Studying the
flow in sports
What did the Anderson 2014 study look at?W - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅They investigated the optimal
psychological state for peak performance in Australian elite athletes
Ergogenic aid - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Substances and phenomena that enhance athletic performance
What are some suggested ergogenic aids? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Human growth hormone, Blood
doping, Platelet rich plasma, Hypnosis, Cupping
What are the categories of ergogenic aids? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Drugs, nutrition, equipment, and
psychology
What are whole body cryosuana? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Basically this cold sauna that athletes use
What is the purpose of the whole body cryosauna? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅To perform faster or
recover faster
What are the four considerations with ergogenic aids? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Safe, Legal, Ethical,
Effective
Describe Costello 2012 study on cryosauna? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Looked at cryosauna and maximal
voluntary isometric contraction and peak power output
36 people randomized to -166 or +59 F
Conclusion: Whole body cryotherapy did not effect maximal voluntary isometric contraction or peak
power output
Describe the Summers 2014 study.? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Conclusion from 8 studies: The current
evidence for the efficacy of WBC on exercise recovery is unclear
Describe the Costello 2016 study? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Conclusion from 4 best studies: The evidence
does not support the hypothesis that WBC reduces soreness or improve subjective recovery.
,Which two US olympic athletes used the cryosauna therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Mo Farah and
Galen Rupp
Which athlete used cupping in the US olympics? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Michael Phelps
What are the NON-SCIENTIFIC ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Non-Scientific
Ways of Effectiveness / Types of Evidence
1. Intuition
2. Personal experience
3. Testimonial
4. Group majority opinion/behavior
5. Opinion of experts
What is intuition? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Gut feeling
Whos is Egas Moniz? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅He is the one who developed lobotomy to treat
schizophrenia. He claimed it worked. Won the 1949 Nobel Prize for it.
Only 9 individuals in his study.
Described the Lerner 2005 study? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Looked at lobotomy and discovered that it
does not treat anything and is actually harmful.
What does Egas Moniz and lobotomy have to do with the ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅It is an example of the non-scientific way of knowing effectiveness, specifically opinions of
experts. He was a neurologist and people believed his claims were true since he was an expert.
What is an example of testimonial? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Tom Brady stating that the chiropractor
keeps him one step ahead of the game
, What did the Minors 2010 study show? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Conclusion based on evidence: There is
insufficient evidence that chiropractor treatment improves sport performance
What are the SCIENTIFIC ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Describe
2. Predict
3. Explain
4. Accumulate the evidence
Explain "Describe" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Describe -
Observed case or group - stimulates thinking
Careful observations
Explain "Predict" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Predict -
Correlational studies - Yields an estimate of the magnitude of the association, quantified by effect size r
Explain "Explain" in terms of the ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Explain -
Experiments - Can rule out alternative explanations for correlations and yields estimates of the
magnitude an effect, quantified by a family of effect sizes including delta
Explain "Accumulate the evidence" in terms of ways of knowing effectiveness? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Accumulate the evidence - Narrative reviews by experts and quantitative reviews that
systematically summarizes all the effect sizes
What is an example of descriptive research in sport psychology? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Studying the
flow in sports
What did the Anderson 2014 study look at?W - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅They investigated the optimal
psychological state for peak performance in Australian elite athletes
